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to prune close

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1 angustum

angustus, a, um. adj. [v. ango], narrow, strait, esp. of local relations, close, contracted, small, not spacious (syn.: artus, brevis, contractus;
opp. latus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92). [p. 120]
I.
Lit.:
fretus,
Lucr. 1, 720:
Angustum per iter,
id. 5, 1132; so Sall. J. 92, 7, and Vulg. Judith, 4, 6; 7, 5:
pontes angusti,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17:
domus,
id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:
fauces portūs angustissimae,
Caes. B. C. 1, 25:
fines,
id. B. G. 1, 2 Herz.:
cellae,
Hor. S. 1, 8, 8:
rima,
id. Ep. 1, 7, 29:
Principis angustā Caprearum in rupe sedentis,
on the narrow rock, Juv. 10, 93 Herm., where Jahn reads augusta, both readings yielding an apposite sense:
porta,
Vulg. Matt. 7, 13; ib. Luc. 13, 24 al.— Subst.: angustum, i, n., narrowness:
per angustum,
Lucr. 4, 530:
angusta viarum,
Verg. A. 2, 332:
pontes et viarum angusta,
Tac. H. 4, 35.—
II.
Trop.
A.
In angustum concludere, adducere, deducere, etc., to reduce to a strait, i. e. to restrain, confine, etc.:
ab illā immensā societate humani generis in exiguum angustumque concluditur,
Cic. Off. 1, 17:
amicitia ex infinitā societate generis humani ita contracta est et adducta in angustum, ut, etc.,
id. Am. 5.—Of the passions, to curb, restrain, moderate:
perturbationes animi contrahere et in angustum deducere,
Cic. Ac. 1, 10.—
B.
Of other things: clavus angustus, the narrow purple stripe upon the tunic, v. clavus:
spiritus,
short, difficult, Cic. de Or. 1, 61:
odor rosae,
not diffused far, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 14.—Once also of the point of an arrow = acutus, Cels. 7, 5, n. 2.—
C.
Of time, short, brief:
angustus dies,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 8; Stat. Th. 1, 442:
nox,
Ov. Am. 3, 7, 25:
tempus,
Luc. 4, 447.—
D.
Of means of living, and the like, pinching, scanty, needy:
pauperies,
Hor. C. 3, 2, 1:
res angusta domi,
Juv. 3, 164:
mensa,
Sen. Thyest. 452: domus, poor, i. e. built without much expense, Tac. A. 2, 33.—
E.
Of other external relations of life, difficult, critical, uncertain:
rebus angustis animosus atque Fortis adpare,
Hor. C. 2, 10, 21:
cum fides totā Italiā esset angustior,
was weakened, Caes. B. C. 3, 1.— Subst.: angustum, i, n., a difficult, critical, condition, danger: in angustum cogi, * Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 2:
res est in angusto,
the condition is perilous, Caes. B. G. 2, 25:
spes est in angusto,
hope is feeble, Cels. 8, 4.—
F.
Of mind or character, narrow, base, low, mean-spirited:
nihil est tam angusti animi, tam parvi, quam amare divitias,
Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:
animi angusti et demissi,
id. Pis. 24, 57:
ecce autem alii minuti et angusti, aut omnia semper desperantes, aut malevoli, invidi, etc.,
id. Fin. 1, 18, 61.—
G.
Of learned investigations that lay too much stress upon little things, subtle, hair-splitting:
minutae angustaeque concertationes,
Cic. de Or. 3, 31:
pungunt (Stoici) quasi aculeis, interrogatiunculis angustis,
id. Fin. 4, 3, 7.—
H.
Of discourse, brief, simple:
et angusta quaedam et concisa, et alia est dilatata et fusa oratio,
Cic. Or. 56, 187:
Intonet angusto pectore Callimachus,
i.e. in simple style, Prop. 2, 1, 40.— Adv.: angustē.
I.
Lit., of space, quantity, or number, within narrow limits, closely, hardly: recepissem te, nisi anguste sederem, if I were not in close quarters, Cic. ap. Macr. S. 2, 3:
anguste putare vitem,
to prune close, Col. 4, 16, 1; so,
anguste aliquid deputare,
id. 4, 22, 3:
quā (re frumentariā) anguste utebatur,
in small quantity, Caes. B. C. 3, 16:
tantum navium repperit, ut anguste quindecim milia militum, quingentos equites transportare possent, = vix,
scarcely fifteen thousand, id. ib. 3, 2.— Comp.:
angustius pabulabantur,
within narrower range, Caes. B. C. 1, 59:
aliae (arbores) radices angustius diffundunt,
Varr. R. R. 1, 37, 5:
quanto sit angustius imperitatum,
Tac. A. 4, 4:
eo anno frumentum propter siccitates angustius provenerat,
more scantily, Caes. B. G. 5, 24.— Sup.:
Caesar (nitebatur) ut quam angustissime Pompeium contineret,
Caes. B. C. 3, 45:
furunculus angustissime praecisus,
Col. 4, 24, 17. —
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen., within narrow limits:
anguste intraque civiles actiones coërcere rhetoricam,
Quint. 2, 15, 36.— Comp.: haud scio an recte ea virtus frugalitas appellari possit, quod angustius apud Graecos valet, qui frugi homines chrêsimous appellant, id est tantum modo utiles, has a narrower meaning, Cic. Tusc. 3, 8, 16:
Reliqui habere se videntur angustius, enatant tamen etc.,
seem to be more hampered, id. ib. 5, 31, 87.—
B.
Esp. of speaking or writing, closely, briefly, concisely, without diffuseness: anguste scribere, Cic. Mur. 13, 28:
anguste et exiliter dicere,
id. Brut. 84, 289:
anguste disserere,
id. Part. Or. 41, 139:
presse et anguste rem definire,
id. Or. 33, 117:
anguste materiem terminare,
Quint. 7, 4, 40.— Comp.:
Pergit idem et urget angustius,
Cic. N. D. 2, 8, 22:
concludere brevius angustiusque,
id. ib. 2, 7, 20.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > angustum
2 angustus

angustus, a, um. adj. [v. ango], narrow, strait, esp. of local relations, close, contracted, small, not spacious (syn.: artus, brevis, contractus;
opp. latus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92). [p. 120]
I.
Lit.:
fretus,
Lucr. 1, 720:
Angustum per iter,
id. 5, 1132; so Sall. J. 92, 7, and Vulg. Judith, 4, 6; 7, 5:
pontes angusti,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17:
domus,
id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:
fauces portūs angustissimae,
Caes. B. C. 1, 25:
fines,
id. B. G. 1, 2 Herz.:
cellae,
Hor. S. 1, 8, 8:
rima,
id. Ep. 1, 7, 29:
Principis angustā Caprearum in rupe sedentis,
on the narrow rock, Juv. 10, 93 Herm., where Jahn reads augusta, both readings yielding an apposite sense:
porta,
Vulg. Matt. 7, 13; ib. Luc. 13, 24 al.— Subst.: angustum, i, n., narrowness:
per angustum,
Lucr. 4, 530:
angusta viarum,
Verg. A. 2, 332:
pontes et viarum angusta,
Tac. H. 4, 35.—
II.
Trop.
A.
In angustum concludere, adducere, deducere, etc., to reduce to a strait, i. e. to restrain, confine, etc.:
ab illā immensā societate humani generis in exiguum angustumque concluditur,
Cic. Off. 1, 17:
amicitia ex infinitā societate generis humani ita contracta est et adducta in angustum, ut, etc.,
id. Am. 5.—Of the passions, to curb, restrain, moderate:
perturbationes animi contrahere et in angustum deducere,
Cic. Ac. 1, 10.—
B.
Of other things: clavus angustus, the narrow purple stripe upon the tunic, v. clavus:
spiritus,
short, difficult, Cic. de Or. 1, 61:
odor rosae,
not diffused far, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 14.—Once also of the point of an arrow = acutus, Cels. 7, 5, n. 2.—
C.
Of time, short, brief:
angustus dies,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 8; Stat. Th. 1, 442:
nox,
Ov. Am. 3, 7, 25:
tempus,
Luc. 4, 447.—
D.
Of means of living, and the like, pinching, scanty, needy:
pauperies,
Hor. C. 3, 2, 1:
res angusta domi,
Juv. 3, 164:
mensa,
Sen. Thyest. 452: domus, poor, i. e. built without much expense, Tac. A. 2, 33.—
E.
Of other external relations of life, difficult, critical, uncertain:
rebus angustis animosus atque Fortis adpare,
Hor. C. 2, 10, 21:
cum fides totā Italiā esset angustior,
was weakened, Caes. B. C. 3, 1.— Subst.: angustum, i, n., a difficult, critical, condition, danger: in angustum cogi, * Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 2:
res est in angusto,
the condition is perilous, Caes. B. G. 2, 25:
spes est in angusto,
hope is feeble, Cels. 8, 4.—
F.
Of mind or character, narrow, base, low, mean-spirited:
nihil est tam angusti animi, tam parvi, quam amare divitias,
Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:
animi angusti et demissi,
id. Pis. 24, 57:
ecce autem alii minuti et angusti, aut omnia semper desperantes, aut malevoli, invidi, etc.,
id. Fin. 1, 18, 61.—
G.
Of learned investigations that lay too much stress upon little things, subtle, hair-splitting:
minutae angustaeque concertationes,
Cic. de Or. 3, 31:
pungunt (Stoici) quasi aculeis, interrogatiunculis angustis,
id. Fin. 4, 3, 7.—
H.
Of discourse, brief, simple:
et angusta quaedam et concisa, et alia est dilatata et fusa oratio,
Cic. Or. 56, 187:
Intonet angusto pectore Callimachus,
i.e. in simple style, Prop. 2, 1, 40.— Adv.: angustē.
I.
Lit., of space, quantity, or number, within narrow limits, closely, hardly: recepissem te, nisi anguste sederem, if I were not in close quarters, Cic. ap. Macr. S. 2, 3:
anguste putare vitem,
to prune close, Col. 4, 16, 1; so,
anguste aliquid deputare,
id. 4, 22, 3:
quā (re frumentariā) anguste utebatur,
in small quantity, Caes. B. C. 3, 16:
tantum navium repperit, ut anguste quindecim milia militum, quingentos equites transportare possent, = vix,
scarcely fifteen thousand, id. ib. 3, 2.— Comp.:
angustius pabulabantur,
within narrower range, Caes. B. C. 1, 59:
aliae (arbores) radices angustius diffundunt,
Varr. R. R. 1, 37, 5:
quanto sit angustius imperitatum,
Tac. A. 4, 4:
eo anno frumentum propter siccitates angustius provenerat,
more scantily, Caes. B. G. 5, 24.— Sup.:
Caesar (nitebatur) ut quam angustissime Pompeium contineret,
Caes. B. C. 3, 45:
furunculus angustissime praecisus,
Col. 4, 24, 17. —
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen., within narrow limits:
anguste intraque civiles actiones coërcere rhetoricam,
Quint. 2, 15, 36.— Comp.: haud scio an recte ea virtus frugalitas appellari possit, quod angustius apud Graecos valet, qui frugi homines chrêsimous appellant, id est tantum modo utiles, has a narrower meaning, Cic. Tusc. 3, 8, 16:
Reliqui habere se videntur angustius, enatant tamen etc.,
seem to be more hampered, id. ib. 5, 31, 87.—
B.
Esp. of speaking or writing, closely, briefly, concisely, without diffuseness: anguste scribere, Cic. Mur. 13, 28:
anguste et exiliter dicere,
id. Brut. 84, 289:
anguste disserere,
id. Part. Or. 41, 139:
presse et anguste rem definire,
id. Or. 33, 117:
anguste materiem terminare,
Quint. 7, 4, 40.— Comp.:
Pergit idem et urget angustius,
Cic. N. D. 2, 8, 22:
concludere brevius angustiusque,
id. ib. 2, 7, 20.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > angustus
3 βραχυτομήσαι

βραχυτομῆσαι

βραχυτομέω

prune close: aor inf act

Morphologia Graeca > βραχυτομήσαι
4 βραχυτομῆσαι

βραχυτομῆσαι

βραχυτομέω

prune close: aor inf act

Morphologia Graeca > βραχυτομῆσαι
5 βραχυτομείν

βραχυτομεῖν

βραχυτομέω

prune close: pres inf act (attic epic doric)

Morphologia Graeca > βραχυτομείν
6 βραχυτομεῖν

βραχυτομεῖν

βραχυτομέω

prune close: pres inf act (attic epic doric)

Morphologia Graeca > βραχυτομεῖν
7 βραχυτομέω

βρᾰχῠ-τομέω,

A prune close, Thphr.CP3.14.2, GP.5.32.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > βραχυτομέω
8 reducir

v.

1 to reduce.

reduzca la velocidad reduce speed now (en letrero)

nos han reducido el sueldo our salary has been cut

reducir algo a algo to reduce something to something

reducir algo al absurdo to make a nonsense of something

Ella redujo la velocidad She reduced the speed.

2 to suppress, to subdue (someter) (país, ciudad).

3 to convert (Mat) (convertir).

4 to set (medicine).

5 to shorten, to shrink.

Ellos redujeron las tablas They shortened the boards.

6 to cut down, to depress, to de-escalate, to deescalate.

Ellos redujeron los gastos They cut down expenses.

7 to conquer, to subdue, to subjugate.

Ellos redujeron a los nativos They conquered the natives.

8 to hydrogenate.

* * *

reducir

Conjugation model [ CONDUCIR], like link=conducir conducir

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to reduce

■ reducir a cenizas to reduce to ashes

2 (disminuir) to reduce, cut, cut down on

■ reducir gastos to cut down on expenses

3 (vencer) to subdue

4 MEDICINA to set

5 (una salsa, etc) to reduce, boil down

► verbo intransitivo

1 AUTOMÓVIL to change down, change to a lower gear

► verbo pronominal reducirse

1 (gen) to be reduced; (decrecer) to decrease

2 (resultar) to come down (a, to)

■ todo se redujo a una equivocación it all came down to a mistake

* * *

verb

1) to reduce, cut

2) decrease

3) subdue

* * *

1. VT

1) (=disminuir)

a) [en cantidad] [+ gastos, inflación, precio] to reduce, bring down, cut; [+ tensión, ansiedad] to reduce; [+ riesgo] to reduce, lessen

medidas encaminadas a reducir el número de parados — measures designed to reduce o bring down o cut the number of unemployed

han reducido las listas de espera en los hospitales — they have reduced o cut hospital waiting lists

el autobús redujo su velocidad — the bus reduced speed, the bus slowed down

conviene reducir el consumo de grasas — it is advisable to cut down on fatty foods

el banco redujo su beneficio un 12% — the bank saw its profits fall by 12%

un tratamiento para reducir la celulitis — a treatment to reduce cellulite

• reducir algo en algo — to reduce sth by sth, cut sth by sth

tenemos que reducir la producción en un 20% — we have to reduce o cut production by 20%

• reducir a la mínima expresión — to reduce to the bare minimum

• reducir algo al mínimo — to reduce o cut sth to the minimum

• reducir algo a la mitad — to cut sth by half

b) [en tiempo] [+ jornada laboral] to reduce, shorten; [+ sentencia] to reduce

han reducido la mili a nueve meses — they have reduced o cut military service to nine months

sus abogados consiguieron reducir la sentencia a dos meses — his lawyers managed to get his sentence reduced to two months

c) [en tamaño] [+ copia] to reduce; [+ discurso, artículo] to cut down, shorten

2)

• reducir algo a algo —

a) (=limitar) to limit sth to sth; (=simplificar) to reduce sth to sth

redujo su intervención a criticar al gobierno — her participation was limited to criticizing the government

todo lo reduce a cosas materiales — he reduces everything to material terms

b) (=convertir) [+ cantidad, medida] to convert sth into sth; [+ fracción, ecuación] to reduce sth into sth

reducir un kilómetro a metros — to convert a kilometre into metres

el techo fue reducido a cenizas por el fuego — the roof was reduced to ashes by the fire

- reducir algo al absurdo

3) (=someter) [+ ladrón, fugitivo, loco] to overpower; [+ alborotadores] to subdue; [+ fortaleza] to subdue, reduce frm

entre los tres lograron reducir al atracador — the three of them managed to overpower the robber

• reducir a algn a la obediencia — to bring sb to heel

• reducir a algn al silencio — [por la fuerza, por miedo] to silence sb; [por vergüenza, humillación] to reduce sb to silence

4) (Med) [+ hueso, hernia] to set, reduce frm

5) (Quím) to reduce

6) LAm [en el mercado negro] to get rid of *

2.

VI (Aut) to change down

reduce a segunda — change down to second gear

3.

See:

reducirse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <gastos/costos> to cut, reduce; <velocidad/producción/consumo> to reduce

reducir al mínimo los riesgos — to minimize o to reduce the risks to a minimum

debería reducir el consumo de sal — you should cut down on salt

le redujeron la pena — they shortened o reduced his sentence

reducir algo A algo — to reduce something to something

la población quedó reducida a la mitad — the population was halved

reducir algo a su mínima expresión — (Mat) to reduce something to its simplest form

reducir algo EN algo — to reduce something by something

reducir el gasto en cinco millones — to reduce costs by five million

b) <fotocopia/fotografía> to reduce

2)

a) ( transformar)

reducir algo A algo: reducir los gramos a milígramos to convert the grams to milligrams; quedaron reducidos a cenizas they were reduced to ashes; mis ilusiones quedaron reducidas a la nada — my dreams came to nothing

b) (Quím) to reduce

c) (AmS) < objeto robado> to receive, fence (colloq)

3) ( dominar) <enemigo/rebeldes> to subdue; < ladrón> to overpower

reducir a un pueblo a la esclavitud — to reduce a people to slavery

4) <fractura/hernia> to set, reduce (tech)
2.
reducir vi

1) (Coc) to reduce, boil down

2) (Auto) to shift into a lower gear
3.
reducirse v pron

reducirse A algo: todo se reduce a tener tacto it all comes down to being tactful; todo se redujo a un paseo por el río — in the end it was just a walk by the river

* * *

= abridge, compress, contract, curtail, erode, gut, narrow, prune, reduce, shorten, stifle, lower, cut back (on), cut, cut down (on), deplete, lessen, pare down, keep down + Nombre, retrench, narrow down, whittle (away/down/at), slim down, slow down, slow up, taper, wind + Nombre + down, cut + Nombre + short, scale back, downgrade [down-grade], shave off, shrink, mark + Nombre + down.

Nota: Generalmente aplicado a los precios.

Ex. Inevitably any abridgement poses the dilemma how to abridge, that is, what to leave out and what to include.

Ex. A library of a million volumes could be compressed into one end of a desk.

Ex. In the face of emergencies, breadth of vision tends to contract, narrowing the range of responses.

Ex. The imposition of fee-based services may radically curtail the breadth of resources available to library users where historically information has been offered freely.

Ex. These arrangements should also erode price differentials between Europe and the US, and permit each country to support its own online services.

Ex. Prices of European produced scientific, technical and medical serials continue to gut US research libraries.

Ex. Hierarchical relationships must be indicated in order that the users may broaden or narrow the search parameters.

Ex. More balanced schedules were achieved by pruning the 31000 subjects enumerated in the fourteenth edition to 4700.

Ex. The disadvantage of inversion of words is that inversion or indirect word order reduces predictability of form of headings.

Ex. If there are holds on the title, the loan period is shortened to 14 days.

Ex. Excessive emphasis on the need to exact payment will stifle the flow of information.

Ex. When a forme was in place on the press stone, paper was lowered on to it by means of a tympan and frisket.

Ex. But higher education, which expanded between 1959 and 1979 from 164,000 to 519,600 students in full-time higher education, has also been cutting back on purchases.

Ex. 'The word's out: all departments have to cut their staffs by 10%' -- Her voice was weak and laden with woe.

Ex. Abstracts cut down considerably on legwork in hunting for information.

Ex. This intermediate grade would equate with the senior library assistant, a category much depleted in UK academic librarianship.

Ex. Two possible solutions are possible: (1) to lessen the frequency of production, or (2) to reduce the amount of detail in the entries.

Ex. He said again that we should pare it down to something much more in line with his figures.

Ex. Activities such as gardening or cookery are dealt with in many books in ways which go far beyond the simple keeping down of weeds or just filling empty stomachs.

Ex. In the face of overpublishing and growing scepticism, this once booming area is now retrenching and broadening its coverage = En vista del exceso de publicaciones y del creciente escepticismo, este área que una vez estuvo en auge ahora ha venido a menos.

Ex. By specifying the fields to be searched, the user can narrow down the search in a very convenient way.

Ex. However, such idealism is often whittled away over time by bureaucratic problems & organizational demands.

Ex. The abundance of book types and titles makes display and merchandising increasingly difficult; some booksellers are dealing with this by slimming down or cutting out certain categories.

Ex. However, the flight from DC appears to have slowed down more quickly than was anticipated, and we no longer read of large numbers of libraries making the change.

Ex. Since cataloging is the most time consuming part of digitization, it has slowed up the placement of files.

Ex. The tube in the two types tapers almost unnoticeably from base to tip.

Ex. Not the least of the ironies of this venture is that going ahead with it is as full of hazard as winding it down abruptly.

Ex. May I just cut you short, because I've discussed this problem with Peter Jacobs just this week.

Ex. He first spotted trouble when she started being short with users and so he solved the problem by scaling back her workload.

Ex. The opposite of the 'halo effect' -- downgrading someone you dislike but whose work is good -- is also an error.

Ex. You can shave off as much as 50% or even more from your current rate for home insurance in Arizona.

Ex. The 'false hit' problem still arises, but becomes less likely as the 'neighborhood' of the two words shrinks.

Ex. They have just marked down all summer handbags to 50 percent off.

----

* que reduce el estrés = stress-reducing.

* reducir a cero = reduce to + nil.

* reducir a la mitad = halve, cut in + half, halve, reduce by + half.

* reducir a la nada = reduce to + nil.

* reducir al mínimo = minimise [minimize, -USA], reduce to + a minimum, cut down to + a minimum, keep to + a (bare) minimum, cut to + the bone.

* reducir a lo mínimo = cut to + the bone.

* reducir a miniatura = miniaturise [miniaturize, -USA].

* reducir costes = reduce + costs.

* reducir de plantilla = downsize.

* reducir de tamaño = reduce in + size.

* reducir el esfuerzo = reduce + effort.

* reducir el impacto = minimise + impact.

* reducir el papeleo = slash + red tape.

* reducir el precio = reduce + price, cut + price.

* reducir el presupuesto = cut + monies from + budget.

* reducir el riesgo = reduce + risk.

* reducir el tamaño = reduce + size.

* reducir el tiempo = cut down + time.

* reducir el valor = reduce + value.

* reducir gastos = cut + costs, cut + spending, make + economies, make + cuts, reduce + costs.

* reducir gradualmente = scale down.

* reducir la burocracia = slash + red tape.

* reducir la posibilidad = minimise + possibility.

* reducir la probabilidad = reduce + chances.

* reducir las diferencias = bridge + the gap, bridge + the divide, bridge + the chasm, bridge + the gulf, close + the gap.

* reducir las diferencias entre... y = narrow + the gap between... and.

* reducir las distancias = reduce + distance, close + the gap.

* reducir las posibilidades de = narrow + the vision of.

* reducir los beneficios = cut + profit.

* reducir los impuestos = cut + taxes.

* reducir pérdidas = cut down + losses, cut + losses.

* reducir progresivamente = phase out.

* reducirse a = boil down to, come down to.

* reducirse poco a poco = dribble off.

* reducir una limitación = push + limits (further and further back).

* reducir una palabra a su raíz = stem.

* reducir un obstáculo = lower + barrier.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <gastos/costos> to cut, reduce; <velocidad/producción/consumo> to reduce

reducir al mínimo los riesgos — to minimize o to reduce the risks to a minimum

debería reducir el consumo de sal — you should cut down on salt

le redujeron la pena — they shortened o reduced his sentence

reducir algo A algo — to reduce something to something

la población quedó reducida a la mitad — the population was halved

reducir algo a su mínima expresión — (Mat) to reduce something to its simplest form

reducir algo EN algo — to reduce something by something

reducir el gasto en cinco millones — to reduce costs by five million

b) <fotocopia/fotografía> to reduce

2)

a) ( transformar)

reducir algo A algo: reducir los gramos a milígramos to convert the grams to milligrams; quedaron reducidos a cenizas they were reduced to ashes; mis ilusiones quedaron reducidas a la nada — my dreams came to nothing

b) (Quím) to reduce

c) (AmS) < objeto robado> to receive, fence (colloq)

3) ( dominar) <enemigo/rebeldes> to subdue; < ladrón> to overpower

reducir a un pueblo a la esclavitud — to reduce a people to slavery

4) <fractura/hernia> to set, reduce (tech)
2.
reducir vi

1) (Coc) to reduce, boil down

2) (Auto) to shift into a lower gear
3.
reducirse v pron

reducirse A algo: todo se reduce a tener tacto it all comes down to being tactful; todo se redujo a un paseo por el río — in the end it was just a walk by the river

* * *

= abridge, compress, contract, curtail, erode, gut, narrow, prune, reduce, shorten, stifle, lower, cut back (on), cut, cut down (on), deplete, lessen, pare down, keep down + Nombre, retrench, narrow down, whittle (away/down/at), slim down, slow down, slow up, taper, wind + Nombre + down, cut + Nombre + short, scale back, downgrade [down-grade], shave off, shrink, mark + Nombre + down.

Nota: Generalmente aplicado a los precios.

Ex: Inevitably any abridgement poses the dilemma how to abridge, that is, what to leave out and what to include.

Ex: A library of a million volumes could be compressed into one end of a desk.

Ex: In the face of emergencies, breadth of vision tends to contract, narrowing the range of responses.

Ex: The imposition of fee-based services may radically curtail the breadth of resources available to library users where historically information has been offered freely.

Ex: These arrangements should also erode price differentials between Europe and the US, and permit each country to support its own online services.

Ex: Prices of European produced scientific, technical and medical serials continue to gut US research libraries.

Ex: Hierarchical relationships must be indicated in order that the users may broaden or narrow the search parameters.

Ex: More balanced schedules were achieved by pruning the 31000 subjects enumerated in the fourteenth edition to 4700.

Ex: The disadvantage of inversion of words is that inversion or indirect word order reduces predictability of form of headings.

Ex: If there are holds on the title, the loan period is shortened to 14 days.

Ex: Excessive emphasis on the need to exact payment will stifle the flow of information.

Ex: When a forme was in place on the press stone, paper was lowered on to it by means of a tympan and frisket.

Ex: But higher education, which expanded between 1959 and 1979 from 164,000 to 519,600 students in full-time higher education, has also been cutting back on purchases.

Ex: 'The word's out: all departments have to cut their staffs by 10%' -- Her voice was weak and laden with woe.

Ex: Abstracts cut down considerably on legwork in hunting for information.

Ex: This intermediate grade would equate with the senior library assistant, a category much depleted in UK academic librarianship.

Ex: Two possible solutions are possible: (1) to lessen the frequency of production, or (2) to reduce the amount of detail in the entries.

Ex: He said again that we should pare it down to something much more in line with his figures.

Ex: Activities such as gardening or cookery are dealt with in many books in ways which go far beyond the simple keeping down of weeds or just filling empty stomachs.

Ex: In the face of overpublishing and growing scepticism, this once booming area is now retrenching and broadening its coverage = En vista del exceso de publicaciones y del creciente escepticismo, este área que una vez estuvo en auge ahora ha venido a menos.

Ex: By specifying the fields to be searched, the user can narrow down the search in a very convenient way.

Ex: However, such idealism is often whittled away over time by bureaucratic problems & organizational demands.

Ex: The abundance of book types and titles makes display and merchandising increasingly difficult; some booksellers are dealing with this by slimming down or cutting out certain categories.

Ex: However, the flight from DC appears to have slowed down more quickly than was anticipated, and we no longer read of large numbers of libraries making the change.

Ex: Since cataloging is the most time consuming part of digitization, it has slowed up the placement of files.

Ex: The tube in the two types tapers almost unnoticeably from base to tip.

Ex: Not the least of the ironies of this venture is that going ahead with it is as full of hazard as winding it down abruptly.

Ex: May I just cut you short, because I've discussed this problem with Peter Jacobs just this week.

Ex: He first spotted trouble when she started being short with users and so he solved the problem by scaling back her workload.

Ex: The opposite of the 'halo effect' -- downgrading someone you dislike but whose work is good -- is also an error.

Ex: You can shave off as much as 50% or even more from your current rate for home insurance in Arizona.

Ex: The 'false hit' problem still arises, but becomes less likely as the 'neighborhood' of the two words shrinks.

Ex: They have just marked down all summer handbags to 50 percent off.

* que reduce el estrés = stress-reducing.

* reducir a cero = reduce to + nil.

* reducir a la mitad = halve, cut in + half, halve, reduce by + half.

* reducir a la nada = reduce to + nil.

* reducir al mínimo = minimise [minimize, -USA], reduce to + a minimum, cut down to + a minimum, keep to + a (bare) minimum, cut to + the bone.

* reducir a lo mínimo = cut to + the bone.

* reducir a miniatura = miniaturise [miniaturize, -USA].

* reducir costes = reduce + costs.

* reducir de plantilla = downsize.

* reducir de tamaño = reduce in + size.

* reducir el esfuerzo = reduce + effort.

* reducir el impacto = minimise + impact.

* reducir el papeleo = slash + red tape.

* reducir el precio = reduce + price, cut + price.

* reducir el presupuesto = cut + monies from + budget.

* reducir el riesgo = reduce + risk.

* reducir el tamaño = reduce + size.

* reducir el tiempo = cut down + time.

* reducir el valor = reduce + value.

* reducir gastos = cut + costs, cut + spending, make + economies, make + cuts, reduce + costs.

* reducir gradualmente = scale down.

* reducir la burocracia = slash + red tape.

* reducir la posibilidad = minimise + possibility.

* reducir la probabilidad = reduce + chances.

* reducir las diferencias = bridge + the gap, bridge + the divide, bridge + the chasm, bridge + the gulf, close + the gap.

* reducir las diferencias entre... y = narrow + the gap between... and.

* reducir las distancias = reduce + distance, close + the gap.

* reducir las posibilidades de = narrow + the vision of.

* reducir los beneficios = cut + profit.

* reducir los impuestos = cut + taxes.

* reducir pérdidas = cut down + losses, cut + losses.

* reducir progresivamente = phase out.

* reducirse a = boil down to, come down to.

* reducirse poco a poco = dribble off.

* reducir una limitación = push + limits (further and further back).

* reducir una palabra a su raíz = stem.

* reducir un obstáculo = lower + barrier.

* * *

reducir [I6 ]

vt

A

1 ‹gastos/costos› to cut, cut down on, reduce; ‹velocidad› to reduce; ‹producción/consumo› to reduce

hemos reducido el número de casos we have brought down o reduced the number of cases

redujeron el número de plazas they cut the number of places o the number of places was reduced

han prometido reducir los impuestos they have promised to cut o reduce taxes

con esto se intenta reducir al mínimo el riesgo de infección this is intended to minimize o to reduce to a minimum the risk of infection

ejercicios para reducir (la) cintura exercises to reduce your waistline

reducir algo A algo to reduce sth TO sth

han reducido el texto a 50 páginas they have shortened o reduced the text to fifty pages

le han reducido la pena a dos años they have commuted o shortened o reduced his sentence to two years

la población quedó reducida a la mitad the population was reduced to half of its former size

reducir algo a su mínima expresión ( Mat) to reduce sth to its simplest expression o form

el suéter quedó reducido a su mínima expresión ( hum); the sweater shrank to nothing

reducir algo EN algo to reduce sth BY sth

pretenden reducir el gasto en cinco millones they aim to reduce costs by five million

2 ‹fotocopia/fotografía› to reduce

B

1 (transformar) reducir algo A algo:

reducir los gramos a miligramos to convert the grams to milligrams

reducir quebrados a un mínimo común denominador to reduce fractions to their lowest common denominator

quedaron reducidos a cenizas they were reduced to ashes

todas sus ilusiones quedaron reducidas a la nada all his dreams were shattered

2 ( Quím) to reduce

3 ( AmS) ‹objeto robado› to receive, fence ( colloq)

C (dominar, someter) ‹enemigo/rebeldes› to subdue; ‹ladrón› to overpower

reducir a un pueblo a la esclavitud to reduce a people to slavery

D ‹fractura/hernia› to set, reduce ( tech)

E (CS) ‹cadáver/restos mortales› to exhume ( for reburial in a niche or smaller coffin)

■ reducir

vi

A ( Coc) to reduce, boil down

dejar reducir la salsa leave the sauce to boil down o reduce

B ( Auto) to shift into a lower gear, change down ( BrE)

■ reducirse

v pron

reducirse A algo:

todo se reduce a saber interpretar las cifras it all comes down to knowing how to interpret the figures

todo se redujo a una visita a la catedral y un paseo por el río in the end it was just a visit to the cathedral and a walk along the river

* * *

reducir ( conjugate reducir) verbo transitivo
1
a) ‹gastos/costos› to cut, reduce;

‹velocidad/producción/consumo› to reduce;
◊ debería reducir el consumo de sal you should cut down on salt;

reducir algo A algo to reduce sth to sth;
reducir algo EN algo to reduce sth by sth
b) ‹fotocopia/fotografía› to reduce

2
a) ( transformar):

◊ reducir los gramos a milígramos to convert the grams to milligrams;

quedaron reducidos a cenizas they were reduced to ashes
b) (AmS) ‹ objeto robado› to receive, fence (colloq)

3 ( dominar) ‹enemigo/rebeldes› to subdue;
‹ ladrón› to overpower
reducirse verbo pronominal:
◊ todo se reduce a tener tacto it all comes down to being tactful

reducir
I verbo transitivo
1 (disminuir) to reduce
reducir algo en algo, to reduce sthg by sthg
(gastos, consumo, etc) to cut (down), minimize
2 (convertir, transformar) to reduce: el incendio redujo el bosque a cenizas, the fire reduced the wood to ashes
3 (subyugar) to subdue
II vi Auto to change down, US to downshift

' reducir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bajar
- ceniza
- encaminada
- encaminado
- moler
- disminuir
- minimizar
- mínimo
- mira
English:
administrative
- austerity
- ax
- axe
- change down
- corner
- curtail
- cut
- cut back
- cut down
- decrease
- deficit
- deplenish
- deplete
- depress
- downsize
- effective
- halve
- lighten
- lower
- narrow down
- prune
- pulp
- rate
- receive
- reduce
- retrench
- scale down
- shorten
- slow
- wind down
- bring
- cost
- deaden
- decelerate
- diminish
- discount
- get
- lessen
- loss
- minimize
- over
- pare
- scale
- slacken
- traffic
- whittle
- wind

* * *

reducir

♦ vt

1. [disminuir] to reduce;
[gastos, costes, impuestos, plantilla] to cut; [producción] to cut (back on);
nos han reducido el sueldo our salary has been cut;

reduzca la velocidad [en letrero] reduce speed now;

reducir algo a algo to reduce sth to sth;

el edificio quedó reducido a escombros the building was reduced to a pile of rubble;

reducir algo al mínimo to reduce sth to a minimum;

reducir algo a o [m5] en la mitad to reduce sth by half;

tú todo lo reduces a tener dinero the only thing you care about is money;

reducir a la mínima expresión to cut down to the bare minimum

2. [fotocopia] to reduce

3. [someter] [país, ciudad] to suppress, to subdue;
[atracador, ladrón, sublevados] to overpower
4. Mat [unidades de medida] to convert (a to); [fracciones, ecuaciones] to cancel out

5. Med [hueso] to set

6. Quím to reduce

7. Culin [guiso, salsa] to reduce

8. Andes, RP [objetos robados] to receive, to fence

9. RP [cadáver] to exhume [for reburial in smaller container]

♦ vi

1. [en el automóvil]
reducir (de marcha o [m5] velocidad) to change down;

reduce a tercera change down into third (gear)

2. Culin [guiso, salsa] to reduce

♦ See also the pronominal verb reducirse

* * *

reducir

v/t

1 reduce (a to); gastos cut;

reducir personal cut jobs, reduce staff numbers;

reducir la marcha AUTO downshift, shift into a lower gear

2 MIL overcome

* * *

reducir {61} vt

1) disminuir: to reduce, to decrease, to cut

2) : to subdue

3) : to boil down

♦ See also the reflexive verb reducirse

* * *

reducir vb to reduce

reducir la velocidad to reduce speed

Spanish-English dictionary > reducir
9 paso

adj.

dried.

intj.

open up, gangway.

m.

1 passing.

el paso del tiempo the passage of time

con el paso de los años as the years go by

el Ebro, a su paso por Zaragoza the Ebro, as it flows through Zaragoza

su paso fugaz por la universidad his brief spell at the university

abrir paso a alguien (también figurative) to make way for somebody

abrirse paso entre la multitud to make o force one's way through the crowd

ceder el paso (a alguien) to let (somebody) past; to give way (to somebody) (automobiles)

ceda el paso give way (en letrero) (British), yield (United States)

de paso in passing; (de pasada) while I'm/you're/etc at it (aprovechando)

prohibido el paso no entry (en letrero)

paso del ecuador = (celebration marking) halfway stage in a university course

2 step.

dar un paso adelante o al frente to step forward, to take a step forward

3 walk.

a paso ligero at a brisk pace

marcar el paso to keep time

a este paso no acabaremos nunca at this rate we'll never finish

4 step (etapa, acontecimiento).

dar los pasos necesarios to take the necessary steps

paso a paso step by step

5 crossing (cruce).

paso de cebra zebra crossing (British), = pedestrian crossing marked with black and white lines

paso elevado flyover (British), overpass (United States)

paso fronterizo border crossing (point)

paso a nivel level crossing (British), grade crossing (United States)

paso peatonal o de peatones pedestrian crossing

paso subterráneo subway (British), underpass (United States)

6 pass (geography) (en montaña).

7 step in a process, stride, move.

8 passage, pass, crossing point.

9 pace, walking pace.

10 gateway.

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: pasar.

* * *

paso

► nombre masculino

1 (movimiento) step, footstep

■ ¡no des ni un paso más! don't move another step!

■ he oído pasos I heard footsteps

2 (distancia) pace

3 (camino) passage, way

4 (avance) progress, advance

5 (trámite) step, move

6 (de montaña) mountain pass; (de mar) strait

7 RELIGIÓN float (used in Holy Week processions)

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a cada paso at every turn

a paso de tortuga at a snail's pace

abrirse paso to force one's way through

apretar el paso to hurry

cerrarle el paso a alguien to block somebody' s way

dar paso a (hacer posible) to pave the way for 2 (provocar) to give rise to 3 (dejar pasar) to let through, make way for 4 (pasar a) to move on to

dar sus primeros pasos to start walking

dar un paso en falso (al andar) to lose one's footing 2 (equivocarse) to make a false move

estar a un paso/a dos pasos to be very close

■ estamos a un paso de encontrar la solución the solution is just around the corner

estar de paso to be passing through

hacer algo de paso to do something as well

■ de paso, tráeme tabaco while you're there, get me some cigarettes

no dar un paso sin... not to do a thing without...

paso a paso step by step

'Prohibido el paso' "No entry"

salir al paso de alguien to waylay somebody

salir al paso de algo to forestall something

seguirle los pasos a alguien to follow somebody close behind 2 figurado to follow in somebody's footsteps

ceda el paso (señal) give way sign, US yield sign

paso a nivel level crossing, US grade crossing

paso de cebra zebra crossing

paso de peatones pedestrian crossing

paso del ecuador half-way point (in university studies)

paso elevado flyover

paso subterráneo (de peatones) subway

* * *

noun m.

1) passage

2) footstep

3) pace

4) way

* * *
I
ADJ dried

higo paso — dried fig

ciruela pasa — prune

uva pasa — raisin
II
1. SM

1) (=acción de pasar)

contemplaban el paso de la procesión desde un balcón — they watched the procession go by from a balcony

para evitar el paso del aire — to prevent the air getting through

por estas fechas tiene lugar el paso de las cigüeñas por nuestra región — this is the time of year when the storks fly over our region

los detuvieron en el paso del estrecho — they were arrested while crossing the channel

el presidente, a su paso por nuestra ciudad... — the president, during his visit to our city...

el huracán arrasó con todo lo que encontró a su paso — the hurricane flattened everything in its path

con el paso del tiempo — with (the passing of) time

prohibido el paso — no entry

• ceder el paso — to give way, yield (EEUU)

ceda el paso — give way, yield (EEUU)

• dar paso a algo, el invierno dio paso a la primavera — winter gave way to spring

ahora vamos a dar paso a nuestro corresponsal en Lisboa — we now go over to our correspondent in Lisbon

las protestas dieron paso a una huelga — the protests led to o were followed by a strike

• de paso, mencionaron el tema solo de paso — they only mentioned the matter in passing

¿puedes ir al supermercado, de paso que vas a la farmacia? — could you go to the supermarket on your way to the chemist's?

de paso recuérdale que tiene un libro nuestro — remind him that he's got a book of ours while you're at it

el banco me pilla de paso — the bank is on my way

dicho sea de paso — incidentally

• entrar de paso — to drop in

• estar de paso — to be passing through

están solo de paso por Barcelona — they're just passing through Barcelona

paso del Ecuador — party or trip organized by university students to celebrate the halfway stage in their degree course

paso franco, paso libre — free passage
ave
2) (=camino) way; (Arquit) passage; (Geog) pass; (Náut) strait

estás en mitad del paso — you're blocking the way

¡paso! — make way!

la policía le abría paso — the police cleared a path for him

• abrirse paso — to make one's way

se abrió paso entre la multitud — he made his way through the crowd

se abrió paso a tiros — he shot his way through

se abrieron paso luchando — they fought their way through

• cerrar el paso — to block the way

• dejar el paso libre — to leave the way open

dejar paso a algn — to let sb past

• impedir el paso — to block the way

- salir al paso a algn

- salir al paso de algo

han salido al paso de la acusación — they've been quick to deny the accusation

- salir del paso

paso a desnivel, paso a distinto nivel — (Aut) flyover, overpass (EEUU)

paso a nivel — level crossing, grade crossing (EEUU)

paso a nivel sin barrera — unguarded level crossing

paso (de) cebra — Esp zebra crossing, crosswalk (EEUU)

paso de peatones — pedestrian crossing, crosswalk (EEUU)

paso elevado — (Aut) flyover, overpass (EEUU)

paso fronterizo — border crossing

paso inferior — underpass, subway

paso salmonero — salmon ladder

paso subterráneo — underpass, subway

paso superior — (Aut) flyover, overpass (EEUU)

3) [al andar] (=acción) step; (=ruido) footstep; (=huella) footprint

he oído pasos — I heard footsteps

• coger el paso — to fall into step

• dar un paso — to take a step

¿ha dado ya sus primeros pasos? — has she taken her first steps yet?

no da ni un paso sin ella — he never goes anywhere without her

• dirigir sus pasos hacia — to head towards

• dar un paso en falso — (=tropezar) to miss one's footing; (=equivocarse) to make a false move

• hacer pasos — (Baloncesto) to travel (with the ball)

• volvió sobre sus pasos — she retraced her steps

- a cada paso

- a pasos agigantados

el proyecto avanza a pasos agigantados — the project is advancing by leaps and bounds

la demanda aumenta a pasos agigantados — demand is increasing at a rate of knots o extremely quickly

- andar en malos pasos

- dar un mal paso

- paso a paso

- por sus pasos contados

- seguir los pasos a algn

- seguir los pasos de algn

paso adelante — (lit, fig) step forward

paso a dos — pas de deux

paso atrás — (lit, fig) step backwards

dio un paso atrás — he took a step backwards

4) (=modo de andar) [de persona] walk, gait; [de caballo] gait

caminaba con paso decidido — he was walking purposefully

• acelerar el paso — to go faster, speed up

• aflojar el paso — to slow down

• apretar o avivar el paso — to go faster, speed up

• a buen paso — at a good pace

iba andando a buen paso — I was walking at a good pace

las conversaciones marchan a buen paso — the talks are proceeding at a good pace o rate

• establecer el paso — to make the pace, set the pace

• a paso lento — at a slow pace, slowly

• a paso ligero — [gen] at a swift pace; (Mil) at the double

• llevar el paso — to keep in step, keep time

• marcar el paso — [gen] to keep time; (Mil) to mark time

• a paso redoblado — LAm (Mil) at the double

• romper el paso — to break step

- a paso de tortuga

paso de ambladura, paso de andadura — (Equitación) amble

paso de ganso LAm —

paso de (la) oca — goose step

paso de vals — waltz step

5) (=ritmo) rate, pace

• a este paso — at this rate

a este paso no terminarán nunca — at this rate they'll never finish

al paso que vamos no acabaremos nunca — at the rate we're going we'll never finish

6) (=distancia)

vive a un paso de aquí — he lives round the corner from here

estaba a unos diez pasos — it was about ten paces away

de eso al terrorismo no hay más que un paso — it's a small step from there to terrorism

7) (=avance) step

es un paso hacia nuestro objetivo — it's a step towards our objective

el matrimonio es un paso muy importante en la vida — marriage is an important step in life

- dar el primer paso

8) (Téc) [de tornillo] pitch; [de contador, teléfono] unit

9) (Teat) ( Hist) sketch, interlude

10) (Rel) [en procesión] float in Holy Week procession, with statues representing part of Easter story

See:

ver nota culturelle SEMANA SANTA in semana

11)

paso de armas — (Mil, Hist) passage of arms

12) LAm (=vado) ford

2.

ADV softly, gently

¡paso! — not so fast!, easy there!

* * *

masculino

1)

a) ( acción)

el paso del agua — the flow of water

el paso del tren — the passing of the train

el paso del tiempo — the passage of time

el huracán destruyó todo a su paso — the hurricane destroyed everything in its path

el paso de la dictadura a la democracia — the transition from dictatorship to democracy

de paso: están de paso they're just visiting o just passing through; de paso puedo comprar pan I can buy some bread on the way; fui a la oficina y de paso hablé con él I went to the office and while I was there I had a word with him; me pilla de paso it's on my way; y dicho sea de paso... — and incidentally...

b) (camino, posibilidad de pasar) way

abran paso — make way

me cerró el paso — she blocked my way

dejen el paso libre — leave the way clear

ceda el paso — yield ( in US), give way ( in UK)

prohibido el paso — no entry

abrirse paso — to make one's way; ( a codazos) to elbow one's way

abrirse paso en la vida — to make one's way in life

salir al paso de alguien — ( abordar) to waylay somebody; ( detener) to stop somebody

un guardia salió a su paso — he was stopped by a security guard

2) (Geog) ( en montaña) pass

salir del paso — to get out of a (tight) spot o (AmE) crack (colloq)

- paso a nivel

- paso de cebra

- paso de peatones

- paso elevado or a desnivel

- paso fronterizo

- paso subterráneo

3)

a) (al andar, bailar) step

dio un paso para atrás — he took a step backward(s)

camina 50 pasos al norte — walk 50 paces to the north

dirigió sus pasos hacia la puerta — she walked toward(s) the door

oyó pasos — she heard footsteps

entró con paso firme — he came in purposefully

no da un paso sin consultarme — she won't do anything without asking me first

paso a paso — step by step

a cada paso — at every turn

andar en malos pasos — to be mixed up in shady deals

a pasos agigantados — by leaps and bounds

dar los primeros pasos — ( literal) to take one's first steps; ( iniciarse en algo) to start out

dar un paso en falso — ( literal) to stumble; ( equivocarse) to make a false move

seguirle los pasos a alguien — to tail somebody

seguir los pasos de alguien — to follow in somebody's footsteps

volver sobre sus pasos — to retrace one's steps

b) pasos masculino plural ( en baloncesto) traveling*, steps (pl)

hacer pasos — to travel

4)

a) ( distancia corta)

vive a dos pasos de mi casa — he lives a stone's throw (away) from my house

estuvo a un paso de la muerte — she was at death's door

está a un paso de aquí — it's just around the corner/down the road from here

de ahí al estrellato no hay más que un paso — it's only a short step from there to stardom

b) ( avance) step forward

eso ya es un paso (adelante) — that's a step forward in itself

c) ( de gestión) step

hemos dado los pasos necesarios — we have taken the necessary steps

5) ( en contador) unit

6)

a) (ritmo, velocidad)

apretó/aminoró el paso — he quickened his pace/he slowed down

el tren iba a buen paso — the train was going at a fair speed

a este paso... — at this rate...

a paso de hormiga or tortuga — at a snail's pace

marcar el paso — to mark time

b) (Equ)

al paso — at a walking pace

•

- paso ligero or redoblado

* * *

masculino

1)

a) ( acción)

el paso del agua — the flow of water

el paso del tren — the passing of the train

el paso del tiempo — the passage of time

el huracán destruyó todo a su paso — the hurricane destroyed everything in its path

el paso de la dictadura a la democracia — the transition from dictatorship to democracy

de paso: están de paso they're just visiting o just passing through; de paso puedo comprar pan I can buy some bread on the way; fui a la oficina y de paso hablé con él I went to the office and while I was there I had a word with him; me pilla de paso it's on my way; y dicho sea de paso... — and incidentally...

b) (camino, posibilidad de pasar) way

abran paso — make way

me cerró el paso — she blocked my way

dejen el paso libre — leave the way clear

ceda el paso — yield ( in US), give way ( in UK)

prohibido el paso — no entry

abrirse paso — to make one's way; ( a codazos) to elbow one's way

abrirse paso en la vida — to make one's way in life

salir al paso de alguien — ( abordar) to waylay somebody; ( detener) to stop somebody

un guardia salió a su paso — he was stopped by a security guard

2) (Geog) ( en montaña) pass

salir del paso — to get out of a (tight) spot o (AmE) crack (colloq)

- paso a nivel

- paso de cebra

- paso de peatones

- paso elevado or a desnivel

- paso fronterizo

- paso subterráneo

3)

a) (al andar, bailar) step

dio un paso para atrás — he took a step backward(s)

camina 50 pasos al norte — walk 50 paces to the north

dirigió sus pasos hacia la puerta — she walked toward(s) the door

oyó pasos — she heard footsteps

entró con paso firme — he came in purposefully

no da un paso sin consultarme — she won't do anything without asking me first

paso a paso — step by step

a cada paso — at every turn

andar en malos pasos — to be mixed up in shady deals

a pasos agigantados — by leaps and bounds

dar los primeros pasos — ( literal) to take one's first steps; ( iniciarse en algo) to start out

dar un paso en falso — ( literal) to stumble; ( equivocarse) to make a false move

seguirle los pasos a alguien — to tail somebody

seguir los pasos de alguien — to follow in somebody's footsteps

volver sobre sus pasos — to retrace one's steps

b) pasos masculino plural ( en baloncesto) traveling*, steps (pl)

hacer pasos — to travel

4)

a) ( distancia corta)

vive a dos pasos de mi casa — he lives a stone's throw (away) from my house

estuvo a un paso de la muerte — she was at death's door

está a un paso de aquí — it's just around the corner/down the road from here

de ahí al estrellato no hay más que un paso — it's only a short step from there to stardom

b) ( avance) step forward

eso ya es un paso (adelante) — that's a step forward in itself

c) ( de gestión) step

hemos dado los pasos necesarios — we have taken the necessary steps

5) ( en contador) unit

6)

a) (ritmo, velocidad)

apretó/aminoró el paso — he quickened his pace/he slowed down

el tren iba a buen paso — the train was going at a fair speed

a este paso... — at this rate...

a paso de hormiga or tortuga — at a snail's pace

marcar el paso — to mark time

b) (Equ)

al paso — at a walking pace

•

- paso ligero or redoblado

* * *

paso¹

¹ = footstep, step, footprint, pace.

Ex: Leforte could usually identify those footsteps easily; but today they sounded less forceful and deliberate.

Ex: The first step in assigning intellectual responsibility to a corporate body must be a definition of a corporate body.

Ex: In later years, the famous book mythological significance of muddy footprints introduced me to the ancient Hippopotamian culture.

Ex: Among other buildings afire or still smoldering in eastern Baghdad today were the city hall and the National Library which was so thoroughly burned that heat still radiated 50 paces from its front doors.

* abrir paso a = make + way (for).

* abrirse paso = jostle, break through, elbow + Posesivo + way into, elbow into.

* acelerar el paso = quicken + the pace, smarten + Posesivo + pace.

* a este paso = at this rate.

* aflojar el paso = slow down, slow up.

* aminorar el paso = slow down, slow up.

* a paso de tortuga = at a snail's pace.

* a paso ligero = on the double.

* a pasos agigantados = at an exponential rate, at exponential rates, by leaps and bounds.

* a un paso = within a stone's throw (away/from).

* a un paso asombroso = at an astounding pace.

* a un paso de = a heartbeat away from.

* a un paso rápido = at a rapid pace.

* a un paso relajado = at a strolling pace.

* barrera de paso a nivel = level-crossing gate.

* caminar con paso pesado = plod (along/through).

* ceder el paso = give + way (to), yield + the right of way.

* contador de pasos = step counter.

* dar el primer paso = make + a start, take + the first step.

* dar los pasos necesarios = take + steps.

* dar los primeros pasos en = venture into.

* dar otro paso muy importante = reach + another milestone.

* dar paso (a) = give + way (to), yield to, make + way (for).

* dar un gran paso adelante = reach + milestone.

* dar un paso = make + step.

* dar un paso adelante = step up.

* dar un paso al frente = step up.

* dar un paso en falso = make + a false move.

* dar un paso hacia delante = take + a step forward, step up.

* dejar paso = step + aside.

* dejar paso (a) = give + way (to).

* derecho de paso = the right of way, right of entry.

* desandar los pasos de = retrace + Posesivo + footsteps, retrace + Posesivo + steps.

* hacer que + Nombre + dé un paso hacia delante = take + Nombre + a/one step forward.

* impedir el paso = block in.

* llave de paso = spigot, faucet, tap, stopcock, stop valve.

* llave de paso del agua = water valve.

* llevar a cabo una serie de pasos anteriormente realizados = execute + steps.

* obstaculizar el paso = block in.

* otro paso más hacia + Posesivo + destrucción = another nail in + Posesivo + coffin.

* paso adelante = step up.

* paso a nivel = level-crossing.

* paso a paso = one step at a time, step by step, stage by stage, stepwise.

* paso atrás = backward step, retrograde step.

* paso de cebra = zebra crossing.

* paso de la gente = flow of people.

* paso del comercio = flow of commerce.

* Paso del Noroeste, el = North West Passage, the.

* paso de peatones = zebra crossing, pedestrian crossing, pelican crossing.

* paso de tortuga = snail's pace.

* paso en falso = false move.

* paso fronterizo = border crossing.

* paso hacia adelante = step forward.

* paso hacia atrás = retrograde step, step backward(s), step back.

* paso inferior = underpass.

* paso ininterrumpido de = steady flow of.

* paso intermedio = half-way house, stepping stone.

* paso peatonal = pedestrian crossing.

* paso subterráneo = underground walkway.

* Posesivo + primeros pasos = Posesivo + first steps.

* preferencia de paso = the right of way.

* primer paso = stake in the ground.

* primer paso de, el = thin edge of the wedge, the.

* realizar una tarea paso a paso = go through.

* saltarse pasos intermedios = jump + steps.

* seguir los pasos de = follow in + the footsteps of.

* seguir + Posesivo + pasos = follow in + Posesivo + footsteps.

* seguir unos pasos = follow + steps.

* señal de prohibido el paso = No Entry sign.

* ser un gran paso adelante = be half the battle.

* tener derecho de paso = have + the right of way.

* tomar un paso decisivo = take + the plunge.

* un paso por delante de = one step ahead of.

* válvula de paso = stop valve, stopcock.

* volver sobre los pasos de Uno = double-back, retrace + Posesivo + steps, retrace + Posesivo + footsteps, go back on + Posesivo + steps.

paso²

² = stage, passing.

Ex: The first stage in the choice of access points must be the definition of an author.

Ex: Perhaps an openly expressed disbelief in his activities is one of the marks of the passing of this stage.

* ave de paso = bird of passage.

* cambiar con el paso del tiempo = change over + time.

* con el paso de = with the passing of.

* con el paso de los años = with the passing of (the) years.

* con el paso del tiempo = over the years, over time, with the passage of time, as time goes by, in due course, over a period of time, in the course of time, over the course of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by), as time passes (by), as time went by.

* de paso = by the way, by the by(e).

* deteriorado por el paso del tiempo = timeworn.

* dicho sea de paso = by the way, on a sidenote, by the by(e).

* el paso del tiempo = the passage of time, the sands of time.

* en varios pasos = multi-step.

* llave de paso = shut-off valve.

* paso elevado = overpass.

* paso elevado de peatones = pedestrian overpass.

* paso elevado para peatones = pedestrian overpass.

* paso inferior = subway.

* paso inferior de peatones = pedestrian underpass.

* paso inferior para peatones = pedestrian underpass.

* paso subterráneo = underpass, subway.

* paso subterráneo de peatones = pedestrian underpass.

* paso subterráneo para peatones = pedestrian underpass.

* quedar anulado con el paso del tiempo = be overtaken by events.

* resistir el paso del tiempo = stand + the test of time, withstand + the test of time, survive + the test of time, pass + the test of time.

* válvula de paso = shut-off valve.

paso³

³ = transfer, transition, changeover [change-over], handover [hand-over].

Ex: When the record transfer is complete, the catalog summary screen is shown for the new record so that the user can review and update it.

Ex: Hierarchical relationships must be indicated in order that users may make the transition from a first access point to related terms or access points.

Ex: The changeover has resulted in more rapid machine-editing of input and reduced costs for cataloguing.

Ex: The author assesses the prospects of Hong Kong after the handover of the colony to China in 1997 when it will once again be competing with Shanghai as the publishing hub of the Orient.

* * *

paso¹

masculine

A

1

(acción): las compuertas controlan el paso del agua the hatches control the flow of water

a su paso por la ciudad el río se ensancha the river widens as it flows through the city

el paso de los camiones había causado grietas en la calzada cracks had appeared in the road surface caused by the passage of so many trucks o because of all the trucks using it

hizo frente a todo lo que encontró a su paso he faced up to every obstacle in his path

con el paso del tiempo se desgastó la piedra the stone got worn down with time o with the passing o passage of time

[ S ] ceda el paso yield ( in US), give way ( in UK)

[ S ] prohibido el paso no entry

al paso (en ajedrez) en passant

de paso: no viven aquí, están de paso they don't live here, they're just visiting o they're just passing through

de paso puedo dejarles el paquete I can drop the package off on my way

lo mencionó pero sólo de paso he mentioned it but only in passing

lleva esto a la oficina y de paso habla con la secretaria take this to the office and while you're there have a word with the secretary

te lo recogeré si quieres, me pilla de paso I'll pick it up for you if you like, it's on my way

archiva estas fichas y de paso comprueba todas las direcciones file these cards and while you're at it o about it check all the addresses

y dicho sea de paso … and incidentally …

ave

2 (camino, posibilidad de pasar) way

abran paso make way

se puso en medio y me cerró el paso she stood in front of me and blocked my way

por aquí no hay paso you can't get through this way

dejen el paso libre leave the way clear

abrirse paso to make one's way

el sol se abría paso entre las nubes the sun was breaking through the clouds

consiguió abrirse paso a codazos entre la gente she managed to elbow her way through the crowd

no te será difícil abrirte paso en la vida you won't have any problems making your way in life o getting on in life

salir al paso de algn to waylay sb

salir al paso de algo to forestall sth

B ( Geog) (en una montaña) pass

salir del paso to get out of a (tight) spot o ( AmE) crack ( colloq)

Compuestos:

● paso a desnivel

( Méx) paso elevado

● paso a nivel

grade crossing ( AmE), level crossing ( BrE)

● paso de cebra

zebra crossing, crosswalk ( AmE)

● paso de gatos

( Méx) catwalk

● paso del Ecuador

(en un barco) celebration held to mark the crossing of the Equator; (de estudiantes) celebration held halfway through a college course

● paso de peatones

crosswalk ( AmE), pedestrian crossing ( BrE)

● paso elevado

overpass ( AmE), flyover ( BrE)

● paso fronterizo

border crossing

● paso subterráneo

(para peatones) underpass, subway ( BrE); (para vehículos) underpass

C

1 (movimiento al andar) step

dio un paso para atrás he took a step backward(s), he stepped backward(s)

¡un paso al frente! one step forward!

camina 50 pasos al norte walk 50 paces to the north

dirigió sus pasos hacia la puerta she walked toward(s) the door

oyó pasos en el piso de arriba she heard footsteps on the floor above

con paso firme subió las escaleras he climbed the stairs purposefully

no da un paso sin consultar a su marido she won't do anything without asking her husband first

paso a paso step by step

siguieron el juicio paso a paso they followed the trial step by step

paso a paso se fue abriendo camino en la empresa he gradually worked his way up in the company

me lo explicó paso por paso she explained it to me step by step

a cada paso at every turn

a pasos agigantados by leaps and bounds

la informática avanza a pasos agigantados information technology is advancing by leaps and bounds, enormous strides are being made in information technology

dar los primeros pasos (literal) to take one's first steps, start to walk; (iniciarse en algo) to start out

dio sus primeros pasos como actor en televisión he started out o made his debut as a television actor

dar un paso en falso (literal) to stumble; (equivocarse) to make a false move

dar un paso en falso en política puede conducir al desastre one false move o putting one foot wrong in politics can lead to disaster

seguirle los pasos a algn to tail sb

seguir los pasos de algn to follow in sb's footsteps

volver sobre sus pasos to retrace one's steps

2

(distancia corta): vive a dos pasos de mi casa he lives a stone's throw (away) from my house

estuvo a un paso de la muerte she was at death's door

ánimo, ya estamos a un paso come on, we're nearly there now

está a un paso de aquí it's just around the corner o down the road from here

de ahí a convertirse en drogadicto no hay más que un paso it's only a short step from there to becoming a drug addict

3 (logro, avance) step forward

el que te haya llamado ya es un paso (adelante) the fact that he's called you is a step forward in itself

supone un gran paso en la lucha contra la enfermedad it is a great step forward o a great advance in the fight against the illness

4 (de una gestión) step

hemos dado los pasos necesarios we have taken the necessary steps

5 (de baile) step

6 pasos mpl (en baloncesto) traveling*, steps (pl)

hacer pasos to travel

D

1 (de un tornillo, una rosca) pitch

2 (en un contador) unit

E

1

(ritmo, velocidad): aminoró el paso he slowed down

al ver que la seguían apretó el paso when she realized she was being followed she quickened her pace

el tren iba a buen paso the train was going at a fair speed

a este paso no llegamos ni a las diez at this rate we won't even get there by ten o'clock

a este paso te vas a poner enfermo if you carry on like this, you'll get ill, at this rate o (if you carry on) the way you're going, you'll get ill

escribía los nombres al paso que yo se los leía she wrote down the names as I read them out to her

a paso de hormiga or tortuga at a snail's pace

llevar el paso to keep in step

marcar el paso to mark time

en ese colegio te van a hacer marcar el paso they'll make you toe the line at that school

2 ( Equ):

al paso at a walking pace

Compuesto:

paso ligero or redoblado

a paso ligero or redoblado double quick, in double time

F (de la pasión) float ( in Holy Week processions)

paso² -sa

adjective

ciruela, uva

* * *

Del verbo pasar: ( conjugate pasar)

paso es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

pasó es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Multiple Entries:
pasar
paso
pasar ( conjugate pasar) verbo intransitivo
1
a) ( ir por un lugar) to come/go past;

◊ no ha pasado ni un taxi not one taxi has come/gone past;

los otros coches no podían paso the other cars weren't able to get past;
no dejan paso a nadie they're not letting anyone through;
paso de largo to go right o straight past;
paso por la aduana to go through customs;
es un vuelo directo, no pasa por Miami it's a direct flight, it doesn't go via Miami;
¿este autobús pasa por el museo? does this bus go past the museum?;
pasamos por delante de su casa we went past her house;
pasaba por aquí y … I was just passing by o I was in the area and …
b) ( deteniéndose en un lugar):

◊ ¿podríamos paso por el banco? can we stop off at the bank?;

pasa un día por casa why don't you drop o come by the house sometime?;
puede paso a recogerlo mañana you can come and pick it up tomorrow
c) ( atravesar) to cross;

◊ paso de un lado a otro [persona/barco] to go o cross from one side to the other;

[ humedad] to go through from one side to the other
d) ( caber):

◊ no pasoá por la puerta it won't go through the door

2 ( entrar — acercándose al hablante) to come in;
(— alejándose del hablante) to go in;
◊ pase, por favor please, do come in;

¡que pase el siguiente! next, please!;
haga paso al Sr Díaz show Mr Díaz in please
3
a) (transmitirse, transferirse) [corona/título] to pass;

◊ pasó de mano en mano it was passed around (to everyone)

b) ( comunicar):

◊ te paso con Javier ( en el mismo teléfono) I'll hand o pass you over to Javier;

( en otro teléfono) I'll put you through to Javier
4
a) (Educ) to pass;

◊ paso de curso to get through o pass one's end-of-year exams

b) ( ser aceptable):

◊ no está perfecto, pero puede paso it's not perfect, but it'll do;

por esta vez, (que) pase I'll let it pass o go this time
5
◊ pasar por

a) ( ser tenido por):

◊ podrían paso por hermanas they could pass for sisters;

ver tb hacerse II 3
b) ( experimentar) to go through;

◊ paso por una crisis to go through a crisis

( suceder) to happen;
◊ cuéntame lo que pasó tell me what happened;

lo que pasa es que… the thing o the problem is …;
pase lo que pase whatever happens, come what may;
siempre pasa igual or lo mismo it's always the same;
¿qué pasa? what's the matter?, what's up? (colloq);
¿qué te pasa? what's the matter with you?;
¿qué te pasó en el ojo? what happened to your eye?;
¿qué le pasa a la tele? what's wrong with the TV?;
eso le pasa a cualquiera that can happen to anybody;
no le pasó nada nothing happened to him
1 ( transcurrir) [tiempo/años] to pass, go by;
◊ pasoon muchos años many years went by o passed;

ya han pasado dos horas it's been two hours now;
un año pasa muy rápido a year goes very quickly;
¡cómo pasa el tiempo! doesn't time fly!
2 ( cesar) [crisis/mal momento] to be over;
[ efecto] to wear off;
[ dolor] to go away
3 ( arreglárselas) paso sin algo to manage without sth
verbo transitivo
1
a) (cruzar, atravesar) ‹ frontera› to cross;

‹pueblo/ciudad› to go through
b) ( dejar atrás) ‹edificio/calle› to go past

c) (adelantar, sobrepasar) to overtake

2
a) ( hacer atravesar) paso algo POR algo to put sth through sth;

◊ paso la salsa por un tamiz to put the sauce through a sieve

b) (por la aduana —legalmente) to take through;

(— ilegalmente) to smuggle
3 ( hacer recorrer):
◊ paso la aspiradora to vacuum, to hoover (BrE);

pásale un trapo al piso give the floor a quick wipe;
hay que pasole una plancha it needs a quick iron
4 (exhibir, mostrar) ‹película/anuncio› to show
5 ‹examen/prueba› to pass
6 ‹página/hoja› to turn;
◊ paso por alto ‹falta/error› to overlook;

‹tema/punto› to leave out, omit
1 (entregar, hacer llegar):
◊ pásaselo a Miguel pass it on to Miguel;

¿me pasas el martillo? can you pass me the hammer?
2 ( contagiar) to give, to pass on
1
a) ‹ tiempo› to spend;

◊ pasamos las Navidades en casa we spent Christmas at home;

fuimos a Toledo a paso el día we went to Toledo for the day
b) ( con idea de continuidad):

◊ pasé toda la noche en vela I was awake all night;

pasa todo el día al teléfono she spends all day on the phone
c) pasarlo or pasarla bien to have a good time;

◊ ¿qué tal lo pasaste en la fiesta? did you have a good time at the party?, did you enjoy the party?;

lo pasé mal I didn't enjoy myself
2 (sufrir, padecer) ‹penalidades/desgracias› to go through, to suffer;
◊ pasé mucho miedo/frío I was very frightened/cold

pasarse verbo pronominal
1 ( cambiarse):
◊ pasose al enemigo to go over to the enemy

2
a) ( ir demasiado lejos) to go too far;

◊ nos pasamos de estación we went past our station;

esta vez te has pasado (fam) you've gone too far this time
b) ( enf) (fam) (ir):

◊ pásate por casa come round;

¿podrías pasote por el mercado? could you go down to the market?
3
a) [peras/tomates] to go bad, get overripe;

[carne/pescado] to go off, go bad;
[ leche] to go off, go sour
b) (recocerse) [arroz/pasta] to get overcooked

1
a) ( desaparecer) [ efecto] to wear off;

[ dolor] to go away;
(+ me/te/le etc)
◊ ya se me pasó el dolor the pain's gone o eased now;

espera a que se le pase el enojo wait until he's calmed o cooled down
b) ( transcurrir):

◊ el año se ha pasado muy rápido this year has gone very quickly;

ver tb pasar verbo transitivo III 1
2 (+ me/te/le etc)
a) ( olvidarse):

◊ se me pasó su cumpleaños I forgot his birthday

b) ( dejar escapar):

◊ se me pasó la oportunidad I missed the opportunity

paso sustantivo masculino
1
a) ( acción):

◊ el paso del tren the passing of the train;

el paso del tiempo the passage of time;
el paso de la dictadura a la democracia the transition from dictatorship to democracy;
de paso: están de paso they're just visiting o just passing through;
me pilla de paso it's on my way;
y dicho sea de paso … and incidentally …
b) (camino, posibilidad de pasar) way;

◊ abrir/dejar paso (a algn/algo) to make way (for sth/sb);

me cerró el paso she blocked my way;
dejen el paso libre leave the way clear;

( on signs) ceda el paso yield ( in US), give way ( in UK);
( on signs) prohibido el paso no entry;
◊ paso de cebra zebra crossing;

paso de peatones crosswalk (AmE), pedestrian crossing (BrE);
paso a nivel grade (AmE) o (BrE) level crossing;
paso elevado or (Méx) a desnivel overpass (AmE), flyover (BrE);
paso subterráneo ( para peatones) underpass, subway (BrE);

( para vehículos) underpass;
◊ abrirse paso to make one's way;

( a codazos) to elbow one's way;
◊ salir al paso de algn ( abordar) to waylay sb;

( detener) to stop sb
2 (Geog) ( en montaña) pass;
◊ salir del paso to get out of a (tight) spot o (AmE) crack (colloq)

3
a) (al andar, bailar) step;

◊ dio un paso para atrás he took a step backward(s);

oyó pasos she heard footsteps;
entró con paso firme he came in purposefully;
paso a paso step by step;
seguirle los pasos a algn to tail sb;
seguir los pasos de algn to follow in sb's footsteps
b) ( distancia corta):

◊ vive a dos pasos de mi casa he lives a stone's throw (away) from my house;

está a un paso de aquí it's just around the corner/down the road from here
c) ( avance) step forward;

◊ eso ya es un paso (adelante) that's a step forward in itself

d) ( de gestión) step

4 (ritmo, velocidad):
◊ apretó/aminoró el paso he quickened his pace/he slowed down;

a este paso … at this rate …;
a paso de hormiga or tortuga at a snail's pace;
marcar el paso to mark time
5 ( en contador) unit
pasar
I verbo transitivo
1 to pass
2 (trasladar) to move
3 (dar) to pass, give: no me pasó el recado, he didn't give me the message
4 (hojas de libro) to turn
5 (el tiempo, la vida) to spend, pass
6 (soportar, sufrir) to suffer, endure: está pasando una crisis personal, she's going through a personal crisis
pasamos sed y calor, we suffered thirst and heat
7 (río, calle, frontera) to cross
8 (tragar) to swallow
9 (tolerar, aguantar) to bear
10 (introducir) to insert, put through
11 (un examen, una eliminatoria) to pass
12 Cine to run, show: este sábado pasan Ben Hur, they're putting Ben Hur on this Saturday
II verbo intransitivo
1 to pass: ¿a qué hora pasa el tren?, what time does the train pass?
Cervantes pasó por aquí, Cervantes passed this way
ya pasó, it has already passed
pasar de largo, to go by (without stopping)
2 (entrar) to come in
3 (ser tolerable) to be acceptable: no está mal, puede pasar, it isn't bad, it will do
4 (exceder) to surpass: no pases de los 70 km/h, don't exceed 70 km/h
5 (a otro asunto) to go on to
pasar a ser, to become
6 (tiempo) to pass, go by
7 (arreglarse, apañarse) pasar sin, to do without: puedo pasar sin coche, I can manage without a car
8 fam (no tener interés, prescindir) pasa de lo que digan, don't mind what they say
paso de ir al cine, I'll give the cinema a miss
9 (suceder) to happen: ¿qué pasa?, what's going on?
¿qué le pasa?, what's the matter with him?
pase lo que pase, whatever happens o come what may
♦ Locuciones: pasar algo a limpio, to make a fair copy of sthg
pasarlo bien/mal, to have a good/difficult time
pasar por, to put up with: paso por que me digas que estoy gorda, pero no pienso tolerar que me amargues cada comida, I can handle you calling me fat, but I'm not having you ruin every single meal for me
pasar por alto, to overlook: pasaré por alto esa observación, I'll just ignore that remark
paso sustantivo masculino
1 step: caminaban a paso ligero, they walked quickly
(sonido de pisadas) footstep
(de un baile) step
2 (camino, pasillo) passage, way
Auto ceda el paso, give way
paso a nivel, level o US grade crossing
paso de cebra, zebra crossing
paso de peatones, pedestrian crossing, US crosswalk
paso subterráneo, (para peatones) subway
(para vehículos) underpass
prohibido el paso, no entry
3 (acción) passage, passing: estamos de paso en la ciudad, we are just passing through the town
a su paso por la Universidad, when he was at University
el lento paso de las horas, the slow passing of the hours
4 Tel unit
5 Geol (entre montañas) mountain pass
6 Náut strait
♦ Locuciones: abrirse paso, (entre la multitud, maleza) to make one's way, (en la vida) to get ahead
salir del paso, to get out of trouble
a cada paso, constantly, every other minute
' paso' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
apretar
- arramblar
- atravesar
- bando
- bloquear
- cabeza
- cada
- calamidad
- cebra
- ceder
- cerrar
- converger
- cortar
- dar
- dado
- desvirtuar
- disfraz
- esclarecimiento
- estela
- filtración
- franca
- franco
- impedir
- infierno
- ligera
- ligero
- lista
- llave
- magín
- mayor
- nivel
- obstaculizar
- pasar
- pasarse
- patata
- peatonal
- por
- prohibida
- prohibido
- rebote
- rito
- segura
- seguro
- sino
- subterránea
- subterráneo
- testigo
- tránsito
- ver
- vela
English:
ahead
- amok
- arrogant
- bar
- battle
- begrudge
- block
- block in
- break through
- breakthrough
- brisk
- by
- childhood
- clarify
- clear
- coast
- come over
- crossing
- crosswalk
- dizzy
- dwindle
- evaluation
- explanation
- false move
- faux pas
- float
- flyover
- footstep
- give
- go by
- going
- graze
- grow out of
- hysterical
- lazy
- level crossing
- life
- lively
- mop
- move
- nail
- obstruction
- ocean
- overboard
- overpass
- pace
- pass
- pass along
- pass by
- pass through

* * *

paso

♦ nm

1. [con el pie] step;
[huella] footprint;
dar un paso adelante o [m5] al frente to step forwards, to take a step forwards;

dar un paso atrás [al andar] to step backwards, to take a step backwards;
[en proceso, negociaciones] to take a backward step;
aprendí unos pasos de baile I learnt a few dance steps;

oía pasos arriba I could hear footsteps upstairs;

se veían sus pasos sobre la nieve you could see its footprints in the snow;

a cada paso [cada dos por tres] every other minute;

está a dos o [m5] cuatro pasos (de aquí) it's just down the road (from here);

vivimos a un paso de la estación we live just round the corner from o a stone's throw away from the station;

el ruso está a un paso de hacerse campeón the Russian is on the verge of o just one small step away from becoming champion;

a pasos agigantados at a terrific rate, at a rate of knots;

la economía crece a pasos agigantados the economy is growing at a rate of knots;

el SIDA se propaga a pasos agigantados AIDS is spreading like wildfire o at an alarming rate;

la ingeniería genética avanza a pasos agigantados genetic engineering has made giant o enormous strides;

dar un paso en falso o [m5] un mal paso [tropezar] to stumble;
[equivocarse] to make a false move o a mistake; Fig
no dio ni un paso en falso he didn't put a foot wrong;

seguir los pasos a alguien [perseguir, vigilar] to tail sb;

seguir los pasos de alguien [imitar] to follow in sb's footsteps;

volvimos sobre nuestros pasos we retraced our steps

2. [acción] passing;
[cruce] crossing; [camino de acceso] way through, thoroughfare;
con el paso del tiempo with the passage of time;

con el paso de los años as the years go by;

el paso de la juventud a la madurez the transition from youth to adulthood;

su paso fugaz por la universidad his brief spell at the university;

el Ebro, a su paso por Zaragoza the Ebro, as it flows through Zaragoza;

la tienda está en una zona de mucho paso the shop is in a very busy area;
también Fig
abrir paso a alguien to make way for sb;

abrirse paso [entre la gente, la maleza] to make one's way;

abrirse paso en la vida/en el mundo de la política to get on o ahead in life/politics;

¡abran paso! make way!;

ceder el paso (a alguien) [dejar pasar] to let (sb) past;
[en automóvil] to Br give way o US yield (to sb);
ceda el paso [en letrero] Br give way, US yield;

cerrar o [m5] cortar el paso a alguien to block sb's way;

de paso [de pasada] in passing;
[aprovechando] while I'm/you're/ etc at it;
de paso que vienes, tráete las fotos de las vacaciones you may as well bring the photos from your Br holiday o US vacation when you come;

la estación me pilla de paso the station's on my way;

estar de paso [en un lugar] to be passing through;

prohibido el paso [en letrero] no entry;

salir al paso a alguien, salir al paso de alguien [acercarse] to come up to sb;
[hacer detenerse] to come and bar sb's way;
salir al paso de algo [rechazar] to respond to sth

Comp
paso de cebra Br zebra crossing, = pedestrian crossing marked with black and white lines; Méx paso a desnivel Br flyover, US overpass;
paso del Ecuador [en barco] crossing the line ceremony;
[en universidad] = (celebration marking) halfway stage in a university course;
paso elevado Br flyover, US overpass;

paso fronterizo border crossing (point);

paso a nivel Br level crossing, US grade crossing;

paso a nivel con barrera Br gated level crossing, US protected grade crossing;

paso a nivel sin barrera Br ungated level crossing, US unprotected grade crossing;
Chile paso bajo nivel Br subway, US underpass;
paso peatonal o de peatones pedestrian crossing;

paso subterráneo Br subway, US underpass

3. [forma de andar] walk;
[ritmo] pace;
con paso cansino se dirigió a la puerta he walked wearily towards the door;

a buen paso at a good rate;

a este paso o [m5]al paso que vamos, no acabaremos nunca at this rate o at the rate we're going, we'll never finish;

al paso [en equitación] at a walk;

a paso lento slowly;

a paso ligero at a brisk pace;
Mil at the double;
aflojar el paso to slow down;

apretar el paso to go faster, to speed up;

llevar el paso to keep step;

marcar el paso to keep time;

Comp

a paso de tortuga at a snail's pace

Comp
Mil paso de la oca goose-step
4. Geog [en montaña] pass;
[en el mar] strait
5. [trámite, etapa, acontecimiento] step;
[progreso] step forward, advance;
antes de dar cualquier paso siempre me pregunta she always asks me before doing anything;

dar los pasos necesarios to take the necessary steps;

dar los primeros pasos hacia la paz to take the first steps towards peace;

la aprobación de una constitución supondría un gran paso para la democracia the passing of a constitution would be a big step forward for democracy;

explícamelo paso a o [m5] por paso explain it to me step by step;

paso a o [m5] por paso se ganó la confianza de sus alumnos she gradually won the confidence of her pupils;

salir del paso to get out of trouble

6. [de llamadas telefónicas, consumo eléctrico] unit

7. [en procesión] float [in Easter procession]

8.
pasos [en baloncesto] travelling;

hacer pasos to travel

♦ interj

make way!

* * *

paso

1 m

1 step;

paso a paso step by step;

a cada paso at every step;

a dos pasos de fig a stone’s throw (away) from;

volver sobre sus pasos retrace one’s steps;

dar un mal paso o

un paso en falso make a false move;

seguir los pasos a alguien follow s.o., dog s.o.’s footsteps;

seguir los pasos de alguien follow in s.o.’s footsteps;

pasos pl en baloncesto traveling sg, Br travelling sg ;

hacer pasos en baloncesto travel

2 ( manera de andar) walk

3 ( ritmo) pace, rate;

a este paso fig at this rate;

al paso que vamos at the rate we’re going;

a paso ligero at the double;

llevar el paso MIL keep in step;

marcar el paso MIL mark time

4 de agua flow; de tráfico movement;

cerrar el paso de la calle block off o close the street;

prohibido el paso no entry;

ceda el paso yield, Br give way;

observaba el paso del agua/de la gente he watched the water flow past/the world go by

5 ( cruce) crossing

6 de tiempo passing

7 ( huella) footprint

8 ( camino)

:

de paso on the way;

estar de paso be passing through;

dicho sea de paso and incidentally;

¡paso! make way!, let me through!;

abrirse paso push one’s way through; fig carve out a path for o.s.;

salir al paso de alguien waylay s.o.;

salir del paso get out of a tight spot

paso

2 m REL float in Holy Week procession

* * *

paso, -sa adj

: dried

ciruela pasa: prune

paso nm

1) : passage, passing

de paso: in passing, on the way

2) : way, path

abrirse paso: to make one's way

3) : crossing

paso de peatones: crosswalk

paso a desnivel: underpass

paso elevado: overpass

4) : step

paso a paso: step by step

5) : pace, gait

a buen paso: quickly, at a good rate

* * *

paso n

1. (en general) step

el niño dio tres pasos the baby took tree steps

fue un gran paso para la ciencia it was a great step for science

2. (pisada) footstep

unos pasos sobre la nieve footsteps in the snow

3. (tránsito)

el Tormes a su paso por Salamanca the Tormes at Salamanca

4. (transcurso) passing / passage

con el paso de los años with the passing of the years

a este paso at this rate

abrir paso to make way

abrirse paso to make your way

acelerar el paso to speed up

ceda el paso give way

de paso (al mismo tiempo) while you're there / while you're about it (de camino) on your way

estar a dos pasos to be a stone's throw away

estar de paso to be passing through

paso a nivel level crossing

paso de cebra zebra crossing

paso de montaña mountain pass

paso elevado (para vehículos) flyover (para peatones) footbridge

paso subterráneo (para vehículos) underpass (para peatones) subway

paso de peatones pedestrian crossing

Spanish-English dictionary > paso
10 premo

prĕmo, essi, essum, 3, v. a. [etym. dub.; cf. prelum], to press (class.).
I.
Lit.:
pede pedem alicui premere,
Plaut. As. 4, 1, 30:
et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos,
Verg. A. 7, 518:
veluti qui sentibus anguem Pressit humi nitens,
id. ib. 2, 379:
novercae Monstra manu premens,
id. ib. 8, 288:
pressit et inductis membra paterna rotis,
i. e. drove her chariot over her father's body, Ov. Ib. 366:
trabes Hymettiae Premunt columnas,
press, rest heavily upon them, Hor. C. 2, 18, 3:
premere terga genu alicujus,
Ov. Am. 3, 2, 24:
ubera plena,
i. e. to milk, id. F. 4, 769:
vestigia alicujus,
to tread in, to follow one's footsteps, Tac. A. 2, 14:
nudis pressit qui calcibus anguem,
Juv. 1, 43:
dente frena,
to bite, to champ, Ov. M. 10, 704:
ore aliquid,
to chew, eat, id. ib. 5, 538; cf.:
aliquid morsu,
Lucr. 3, 663:
presso molari,
with compressed teeth, Juv. 5, 160:
pressum lac,
i. e. cheese, Verg. E. 1, 82.—In mal. part.:
Hister Peucen premerat Antro,
forced, Val. Fl. 8, 256:
uxorem,
Suet. Calig. 25.—Of animals:
feminas premunt galli,
Mart. 3, 57, 17.—
B.
Transf.
1.
Poet., to bear down upon, to touch:
premere litora,
Ov. M. 14, 416:
litus,
to keep close to the shore, Hor. C. 2, 10, 3:
aëra,
i. e. to fly, Luc. 7, 835.—
2.
Poet., to hold fast, hold, firmly grasp:
premere frena manu,
Ov. M. 8, 37:
ferrum,
to grasp, Sil. 5, 670:
capulum,
id. 2, 615.—
3.
Poet., to press a place with one's body, i. e. to sit, stand, lie, fall, or seat one's self on any thing:
toros,
Ov. H. 12, 30:
sedilia,
id. M. 5, 317:
hoc quod premis habeto,
id. ib. 5, 135:
et pictam positā pharetram cervice premebat,
id. ib. 2, 421:
humum,
to lie on the ground, id. Am. 3, 5, 16; cf. id. F. 4, 844:
frondes tuo premis ore caducas,
id. M. 9, 650; Sen. Hippol. 510.—
4.
To cover, to conceal by covering (mostly poet.):
aliquid terrā,
to conceal, bury in the earth, Hor. Epod. 1, 33:
nonumque prematur in annum,
kept back, suppressed, id. A. P. 388:
omne lucrum tenebris alta premebat humus,
Ov. Am. 3, 8, 36:
ossa male pressa,
i. e. buried, id. Tr. 5, 3, 39; Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191; hence, to crown, to cover or adorn with any thing:
ut premerer sacrā lauro,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 18:
molli Fronde crinem,
Verg. A. 4, 147:
canitiem galeā,
id. ib. 9, 612:
mitrā capillos,
Ov. F. 4, 517; cf. Verg. A. 5, 556.—
5.
To make, form, or shape any thing by pressing ( poet.):
quod surgente die mulsere horisque diurnis, Nocte premunt,
they make into cheese, Verg. G. 3, 400:
os fingit premendo,
id. A. 6, 80:
caseos,
id. E. 1, 35:
mollem terram,
Vulg. Sap. 15, 7; Calp. Ecl. 5, 34.—
6.
To press hard upon, bear down upon, to crowd, pursue closely:
hostes de loco superiore,
Caes. B. G. 7, 19:
Pompeiani nostros premere et instare coeperunt,
id. B. C. 3, 46:
hac fugerent Graii, premeret Trojana juventus,
Verg. A. 1, 467:
Pergamenae naves cum adversarios premerent acrius,
Nep. Hann. 11, 5:
hinc Rutulus premit, et murum circumsonat armis,
Verg. A. 8, 473:
obsidione urbem,
Caes. B. G. 7, 32.—Of the pursuit or chase of animals:
ad retia cervum,
Verg. G. 3, 413:
spumantis apri cursum clamore,
id. A. 1, 324:
bestias venatione,
Isid. 10, 282.—
7.
To press down, burden, load, freight:
nescia quem premeret,
on whose back she sat, Ov. M. 2, 869:
tergum equi,
id. ib. 8, 34;
14, 343: et natat exuviis Graecia pressa suis,
Prop. 4, 1, 114 (5, 1, 116):
pressae carinae,
Verg. G. 1, 303:
pressus membra mero,
Prop. 2, 12 (3, 7), 42:
magno et gravi onere armorum pressi,
Caes. B. G. 4, 24:
auro phaleras,
to adorn, Stat. Th. 8, 567.—
8.
To press into, force in, press upon:
(caprum) dentes in vite prementem,
Ov. F. 1, 355:
presso sub vomere,
Verg. G. 2, 356; cf.:
presso aratro,
Tib. 4, 1, 161:
alte ensem in corpore,
Stat. Th. 11, 542:
et nitidas presso pollice finge comas,
Prop. 3, 8 (4, 9), 14:
et cubito remanete presso,
leaning upon, Hor. C. 1, 27, 8. —
b.
To make with any thing ( poet.):
aeternā notā,
Ov. F. 6, 610:
littera articulo pressa tremente,
id. H. 10, 140:
multā via pressa rotā,
id. ib. 18, 134.—
9.
To press down, let down, cause to sink down, to lower:
nec preme, nec summum molire per aethera currum,
Ov. M. 2, 135:
humanaeque memor sortis, quae tollit eosdem, Et premit,
id. Tr. 3, 11, 67:
mundus ut ad Scythiam Rhiphaeasque arduus arces Consurgit, premitur Libyae devexus in Austros,
sinks down, Verg. G. 1, 240; Sen. Herc. Fur. 155. —
b.
In partic.
(α).
To set, plant:
virgulta per agros,
Verg. G. 2, 346; 26.—
(β).
To make or form by pressing down, to make any thing deep, to dig:
vestigio leviter presso,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 53; cf.
(trop.): vestigia non pressa leviter, sed fixa,
id. Sest. 5, 13:
sulcum premere,
to draw a furrow, Verg. A. 10, 296:
fossam transversam, inter montes pressit (al. percussit),
Front. Strat. 1, 5:
fossa pressa,
Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 4:
cavernae in altitudinem pressae,
Curt. 5, 1, 28.—
(γ).
To strike to the ground, to strike down:
tres famulos,
Verg. A. 9, 329:
paucos,
Tac. H. 4, 2.—
10.
To press closely, compress, press together, close:
oculos,
Verg. A. 9, 487:
alicui fauces,
Ov. M. 12, 509:
laqueo collum,
to strangle, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 37:
angebar ceu guttura forcipe pressus,
Ov. M. 9, 78:
presso gutture,
compressed, Verg. G. 1, 410; cf.:
siquidem unius praecordia pressit ille (boletus) senis,
i. e. stopped his breath, Juv. 6, 621:
quibus illa premetur Per somnum digitis,
choked, id. 14, 221:
amplexu presso,
united, in close embrace, Sen. Oedip. 192:
oscula jungere pressa,
to exchange kisses, Ov. H. 2, 94; so,
pressa basia,
Mart. 6, 34, 1:
presso gradu incedere,
in close ranks, foot to foot, Liv. 28, 14:
pede presso,
id. 8, 8.—
b.
In partic.
(α).
To shorten, tighten, draw in:
pressis habenis,
Verg. A. 11, 600 (cf.:
laxas dure habenas,
id. ib. 1, 63).—
(β).
To keep short, prune:
Calenā falce vitem,
Hor. C. 1, 31, 9:
luxuriem falce,
Ov. M. 14, 628:
falce premes umbras (i. e. arbores umbrantes),
Verg. G. 1, 157; 4, 131:
molle salictum,
Calp. Ecl. 5, 110.—
(γ).
To check, arrest, stop:
premere sanguinem,
Tac. A. 15, 64:
vestigia pressit,
Verg. A. 6, 197:
attoniti pressere gradum,
Val. Fl. 2, 424 ' dixit, pressoque obmutuit ore, was silent, Verg. A. 6, 155.—
11.
To press out, bring out by pressure:
tenerā sucos pressere medullā,
Luc. 4, 318; cf.: (equus) collectumque fremens volvit sub naribus ignem, Verg. ap. Sen. Ep. 95, 68, and id. G. 3, 85 Rib.—
12.
To frequent: feci ut cotidie praesentem me viderent, habitavi in [p. 1441] oculis, pressi forum, Cic. Planc. 27, 66.—
II.
Trop.
A.
To press, press upon, oppress, overwhelm, weigh down; to urge, drive, importune, pursue, to press close or hard, etc. (class.):
ego istum pro suis factis pessumis pessum premam,
Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 49 Lorenz ad loc.:
quae necessitas eum tanta premebat, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97:
ea, quae premant, et ea, quae impendeant,
id. Fam. 9, 1, 2:
aerumnae, quae me premunt,
Sall. J. 14, 22:
pressus gravitate soporis,
bound by heavy, deep sleep, Ov. M. 15, 21:
cum aut aere alieno, aut magnitudine tributorum, aut injuriā potentium premuntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 13:
invidia et odio populi premi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 228:
premi periculis,
id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:
cum a me premeretur,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139; cf.:
aliquem verbo,
id. Tusc. 1, 7, 13:
criminibus veris premere aliquem,
Ov. M. 14, 401:
cum a plerisque ad exeundum premeretur, exire noluit,
was pressed, urged, importuned, Nep. Ages. 6, 1:
a Pompeii procuratoribus sescentis premi coeptus est,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3: numina nulla premunt;
mortali urgemur ab hoste,
Verg. A. 10, 375:
premere reum voce, vultu,
Tac. A. 3, 67:
crimen,
to pursue obstinately, Quint. 7, 2, 12:
confessionem,
to force a confession from one, id. 7, 1, 29:
argumentum etiam atque etiam,
to pursue steadily, Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:
ancipiti mentem formidine pressus,
Verg. A. 3, 47:
maerore pressa,
Sen. Oct. 103:
veritate pressus negare non potuit,
overcome, overpowered, Lact. 4, 13.—
B.
Transf.
1.
To repress, hide, conceal (mostly poet.):
dum nocte premuntur,
Verg. A. 6, 827:
curam sub corde,
id. ib. 4, 332:
odium,
Plin. Pan. 62:
iram,
Tac. A. 6, 50:
pavorem et consternationem mentis vultu,
id. ib. 13, 16:
interius omne secretum,
Sen. Ep. 3, 4:
dolorem silentio,
Val. Max. 3, 3, 1 ext.; cf. silentia, Sil. 12, 646:
aliquid ore,
Verg. A. 7, 103:
jam te premet nox,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 16.—
2.
To lower, diminish, undervalue, disparage, depreciate:
premendorum superiorum arte sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12:
arma Latini,
Verg. A. 11, 402:
opuscula ( = deprimere atque elevare),
Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 36:
famam alicujus,
Tac. A. 15, 49:
premere ac despicere,
Quint. 11, 1, 16:
premere tumentia, humilia extollere,
id. ib. 10, 4, 1.—
b.
To surpass, exceed:
facta premant annos,
Ov. M. 7, 449:
ne prisca vetustas Laude pudicitiae saecula nostra premat,
id. P. 3, 1, 116:
quantum Latonia Nymphas Virgo premit,
Stat. S. 1, 2, 115.—
c.
To rule ( poet.):
dicione premere populos,
Verg. A. 7, 737:
imperio,
id. ib. 1, 54:
Mycenas Servitio premet,
id. ib. 1, 285.—
3.
To suppress, pull down, humble, degrade:
quae (vocabula) nunc situs premit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 118:
nec premendo alium me extulisse velim,
Liv. 22, 59, 10; cf. id. 39, 41, 1:
premebat reum crimen,
id. 3, 13, 1.—
4.
To compress, abridge, condense:
haec enim, quae dilatantur a nobis, Zeno sic premebat,
Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20.—
5.
To check, arrest, repress, restrain:
cursum ingenii tui, Brute, premit haec importuna clades civitatis,
Cic. Brut. 97, 332:
sub imo Corde gemitum,
Verg. A. 10, 464:
vocem,
to be silent, id. ib. 9, 324:
sermones vulgi,
to restrain, Tac. A. 3, 6.—
6.
To store up, lay up in the mind, muse upon:
(vocem) ab ore Eripuit pater ac stupefactus numine pressit,
Verg. A. 7, 119.—Hence, pressus, a, um, P. a.
I.
Moderate, slow, suppressed, kept down.
A.
Lit.:
presso pede eos retro cedentes principes recipiebant,
Liv. 8, 8, 9:
presso gradu,
id. 28, 14, 14; cf.:
pressoque legit vestigia gressu,
Ov. M. 3, 17.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Of the voice or manner, subdued:
haec cum pressis et flebilibus modis, qui totis theatris maestitiam inferant,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 106.—
2.
Of color, lowered, depressed; hence, dark, gloomy:
color pressus,
Pall. 4, 13, 4:
color viridi pressior,
Plin. 35, 6, 13, § 32:
spadices pressi,
Serv. Verg. G. 3, 82.—
II.
Esp., of an orator or of speech.
A.
Compressed, concise, plain, without ornament (class.):
fiunt pro grandibus tumidi, pressis exiles, fortibus temerarii, etc.,
Quint. 10, 2, 16:
cum Attici pressi et integri, contra Asiani inflati et inanes haberentur,
id. 12, 10, 18.—Of style:
pressa et tenuia, et quae minimum ab usu cotidiano recedant,
Quint. 10, 1, 102:
pressus et demissus stilus,
Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 5; Quint. 4, 2, 117.— Comp.: in concionibus pressior, et circumscriptior, et adductior, more moderate, keeping more within bounds, Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 4.—
B.
Close, exact, accurate:
Thucydides ita verbis aptus et pressus, ut,
Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 56: quis te fuit umquam in partiundis rebus pressior? more exact, more accurate, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 364, 24:
sicuti taxare pressius crebriusque est, quam tangere,
Gell. 2, 6, 5:
quod (periculum) observandum pressiore cautelā censeo,
stricter, greater, App. M. 5, p. 160, 36:
cogitationes pressiores,
id. ib. 5, p. 163, 32.—So of sounds, precise, intelligible:
(lingua) vocem profusam fingit atque sonos vocis distinctos et pressos facit,
Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149.—Hence, adv.: pressē, with pressure, violently (class.): artius pressiusque conflictata, Atei. Capito ap. Gell. 10, 6, 2.—
B.
Closely, tightly.
1.
Lit.:
vites pressius putare,
Pall. 12, 9:
pressius colla radere,
Veg. Vet. 1, 56.—
2.
Trop.
a.
Of pronunciation, shortly, neatly, trimly:
loqui non aspere, non vaste, non rustice, sed presse, et aequabiliter, et leniter,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; id. Off. 1, 37, 133.—
b.
Of the mode of expression, etc., concisely, not diffusely:
definire presse et anguste,
Cic. Or. 33, 117:
abundanter dicere, an presse,
Quint. 8, 3, 40:
pressius et astrictius scripsi,
Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 10.—
(β).
Without ornament, simply:
unum (genus oratorum) attenuate presseque, alterum sublate ampleque dicentium,
Cic. Brut. 55, 202:
aliquid describere modo pressius, modo elatius,
Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 3.—
(γ).
Closely, exactly, correctly, accurately:
mihi placet agi subtilius, et pressius,
Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24:
definiunt pressius,
id. Tusc. 4, 7, 14:
anquisitius, et exactius pressiusque disserere,
Gell. 1, 3, 21.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > premo
11 premō

premō essī, essus, ere [PREM-], to press: ad pectora natos, V.: anguem humi, to tread on, V.: membra paterna rotis, i. e. drove her chariot over the body, O.: trabes Premunt columnas, press upon, H.: ubera plena, i. e. milk, O.: frena manu, grasp, O.: dente frena, champ, O.: grana ore suo, chew, O.: presso molari, with compressed teeth, Iu.: pressum lac, i. e. cheese, V.: quod surgente die mulsere, Nocte premunt, make into cheese, V.: litus, hug the shore, H.— To press out, express, obtain by pressing: pressa tuis balanus capillis, i. e. balsam, H.: oleum, express, H.— To press upon, lie on, rest on, be upon: humum, O.: toros, O.: hoc quod premis habeto, O.: pharetram cervice, O.— To cover, bury, suppress, hide: alqd terrā, H.: Omne lucrum tenebris premebat humus, O.: ossa male pressa, i. e. buried, O.: Conlectum sub naribus ignem, repressing (of a horse), V.— To cover, crown, adorn: ut premerer sacrā lauro, H.: Fronde crinem, V.— To press hard, bear upon, crowd, throng, pursue closely: Hac fugerent Grai, premeret Troiana iuventus, thronged, V.: Hinc Rutulus premit, V.: hostīs ex loco superiore, Cs.: naves cum adversarios premerent acrius, N.: Trīs famulos, i. e. kill., V.: ad retia cervom, chase, V.— To press down, burden, load, freight: Nescia quem premeret, on whose back she sat, O.: pressae carinae, loaded, V.— To press down, depress, cause to sink: sors, quae tollit eosdem, Et premit, O.: mundus ut ad Scythiam Consurgit, premitur, etc., is depressed, V.: dentīs in vite, O.: presso sub vomere, V.: cubito remanete presso, i. e. rest on your couches, H.— To mark, impress: littera articulo pressa tremente, written, O.: multā via pressa rotā, O.— To set out, plant: virgulta per agros, V.: pressae propaginis arcūs, layers, V.— To press down, make deep, impress: vestigio leviter presso: sulcum, draw a furrow, V.: cavernae in altitudinem pressae, Cu.— To press close, compress, close, shut: oculos, V.: fauces, O.: laqueo collum, strangle, H.: praecordia senis, stop the breath, Iu.: quibus illa premetur Per somnum digitis, choked, Iu. — To shorten, keep down, prune: falce vitem, H.: luxuriem falce, O.— To check, arrest: vestigia, V. — To visit frequently, frequent: forum.—Fig., to press, be pressing, burden, oppress, overwhelm, weigh down: necessitas eum premebat: aerumnae, quae me premunt, S.: pressus gravitate soporis, O.: aere alieno premi, Cs.: premi periculis.— To press, press upon, urge, drive, importune, pursue, press hard: cum a me premeretur: Criminibus premunt veris, urge, O.: a plerisque ad exeundum premi, to be importuned, N.: Numina nulla premunt, V.: (deus) Os rabidum fingit premendo, i. e. by his inspiration, V.— To follow up, press home, urge, dwell upon: argumentum etiam atque etiam: (vocem) pressit, i. e. laid to heart, V.— To cover, hide, conceal: dum nocte premuntur, V.: iam te premet nox, H.— To lower, pull down, humble, degrade, disparage, depreciate: premebat eum factio, kept him down, L.: hunc prensantem premebat nobilitas, opposed his candidacy, L.: arma Latini, V.: opuscula (opp. laudet ametque), H.— To compress, abridge, condense: haec Zeno sic premebat.— To check, arrest, repress, restrain: cursum ingeni tui, Brute, premit haec clades: vocem, to be silent, V. — To surpass, exceed, overshadow: Facta premant annos, O.: ne prisca vetustas Laude pudicitiae saecula nostra premat, O.— To keep down, rule: ventos imperio, V.: Mycenas servitio, V.
* * *

premere, pressi, pressus V

press, press hard, pursue; oppress; overwhelm

Latin-English dictionary > premō
12 stringo

stringo, inxi, ictum, 3, v. a. [root strig; Gr. strang-, to squeeze; stranx, a drop; cf. O. H. Germ. streng; Engl. strong], to draw tight, to bind or tie tight; to draw, bind, or press together, etc. (syn. ligo).
I.
Lit.:
te stringam ad carnarium,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 66:
stringit vitta comas,
Luc. 5, 143: caesariem crinali cultu, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 85:
stricta matutino frigore vulnera,
Liv. 22, 51:
pectora pigro gelu,
Luc. 4, 652:
strictos insedimus amnes,
Val. Fl. 1, 414:
mare gelu stringi et consistere,
Gell. 17, 8, 16:
quercus in duas partes diducta, stricta denuo et cohaesa,
having closed together, id. 15, 16, 4:
habenam,
to draw tight, Stat. Th. 11, 513:
ferrum,
Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 6.—
B.
Transf. (through the intermediate idea of drawing close), to touch, touch upon, touch lightly or slightly, to graze (syn. tango):
litus ama, et laevas stringat sine palmula cautes,
Verg. A. 5, 163; cf.:
stringebat summas ales miserabilis undas,
Ov. M. 11, 733:
aequor (aurā),
id. ib. 4, 136:
metas interiore rotā,
id. Am. 3, 2, 12:
latus,
Prop. 3, 11 (4, 10), 24:
vestigia canis rostro,
Ov. M. 1, 536 et saep.:
equos,
to stroke, Charis. 84 P.:
tela stringentia corpus,
i. e. slightly touching, Verg. A. 10, 331; cf. Sen. Ben. 2, 6, 1:
coluber Dente pedem strinxit,
Ov. M. 11, 776:
strictus ac recreatus ex vulnere in tempus,
Flor. 4, 12, 44.—
2.
To pull or strip off, to pluck off, cut off, clip off, prune, etc. (cf. destringo):
oleam ubi nigra erit, stringito,
Cato, R. R. 65, 1; so,
oleam,
Plin. 15, 2, 3, § 12:
bacam,
Varr. R. R. 1, 55, 2:
quernas glandes,
Verg. G. 1, 305:
folia ex arboribus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 58; Liv. 23, 30, 3:
frondes,
Verg. E. 9, 61; Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 28:
hordea,
Verg. G. 1, 317:
arbores,
Col. 6, 3, 7:
celeriter gladios strinxerunt,
drew from the sheath, unsheathed, Caes. B. C. 3, 93:
strictam aciem offerre,
Verg. A. 6, 291:
ensem,
id. ib. 10, 577; so,
gladios,
id. ib. 12, 278; Ov. M. 7, 333:
ensem,
id. ib. 8, 207;
14, 296: ferrum,
Liv. 7, 40 al.:
cultrum,
id. 7, 5, 5; 3, 50, 3; and poet. transf.:
manum,
to bare, Ov. Am. 1, 6, 14; id. Tr. 5, 2, 30 al.—
II.
Trop.
A.
Of speech, to touch upon, treat briefly, Sil. 8, 48.—Hence, to compress, abridge:
narrationis loco rem stringat,
Quint. 4, 2, 128 Spald.—
B.
To hold in check, to rule, sway (syn. coërceo):
quaecumque meo gens barbara nutu Stringitur, adveniat,
Claud. B. Get. 371.—
C.
To waste, consume, reduce:
praeclaram stringat malus ingluvie rem,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 8.—
D.
(Acc. to I. B.) To touch, move, affect; esp. to affect painfully, to wound, pain:
atque animum patriae strinxit pietatis imago,
Verg. A. 9, 294:
quam tua delicto stringantur pectora nostro,
Ov. Tr. 5, 6, 21:
nomen alicujus,
id. ib. 2, 350.—
E.
To draw in hostility, attack with:
in hostes stringatur iambus,
Ov. R. Am. 377:
bellum,
Flor. 3, 21, 1.—Hence, strictus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I.), drawn together, close, strait, tight, etc.
A.
Lit.:
laxaret pedem a stricto nodo,
Liv. 24, 7, 5:
duriora genti corpora, stricti artus,
Tac. G. 30:
strictissima janua,
Ov. R. Am. 233:
si strictior fuerit pedatura,
Hyg. Grom. 3, 1:
emplastrum,
thick, Scrib. Comp. 45 fin.:
venter,
i. e. bound up, costive, Veg. 3, 16:
strictior aura,
more severe, colder, Aus. Idyll. 14, 3.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Of language, brief, concise:
quo minus (Aeschines) strictus est,
Quint. 10, 1, 77:
qui (Demosthenes) est strictior multo (quam Cicero),
id. 12, 10, 52.—
2.
Of character, severe, strict:
Catones,
Manil. 5, 106:
mentes,
id. 1, 769:
lex,
Stat. S. 3, 5, 87.—
3.
Rigid, exact (law Lat.):
restitutio stricto jure non competebat,
Dig. 29, 2, 85; 39, 3, 3 al.— Adv.: strictē and strictim, closely, tightly:
in foramen conicies,
Pall. Mart. 8, 2.— Comp., Pall. 1, 6.— Sup., Gell. 16, 3, 4.—
2.
Fig., accurately:
strictius interpretari,
Dig. 8, 2, 20.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > stringo
13 σπαθάω

σπᾰθ-άω, in weaving,

A strike the woof with the σπάθη (q.v.), σ. τὸν ἱστόν make the web close and strong, Philyll. 12, cf. Poll.7.36:—[voice] Pass., metaph., συλλαβαὶ πολλοῖς γράμμασιν ἐσπαθημέναι close-packed, Phld.Po.2.41.

II θοἰμάτιον δεικνὺς τοδὶ πρόφασιν ἔφασκον ὦ γύναι, λίαν σπαθᾷς" you are laying it on too thick, a cant phrase for 'playing ducks and drakes with' money (perh. with a play on signf. 1), Ar.Nu.55; τὰ πατρῷα βρύκει καὶ ς. Diph.43.27; σ. τὰ χρήματα Plu.Per.14
; τάλαντα ς. Luc.Cat.20, cf. Philostr.VA 5.38, Alciphr.3.34; ἐσπαθᾶτο ταῦτα καὶ ἐδημηγορεῖτο, expld. by Sch. as = ἐδαψιλεύετο, these were the prodigalities indulged in, thus were all advantages squandered away, D.19.43.

2 = ἀλαζονεύομαι, Men.347.

III σ. τὰ μεγάλα τῶν φυτῶν prune plants, Philostr.Im.2.17.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σπαθάω
14 сокращать

1) General subject: abbreviate, abbreviate (на письме или в устной речи), abridge, ax (бюджет, штаты), axe (бюджет, штаты), axe (штаты), blue-pencil, bobtail, boil down, brief, cancel, castrate (текст), clip, condense, constrict, constringe, contract, contractor, curtail, cut (статью, книгу, продукцию, расходы), cut down (расходы, статью и т. п.), decrease, diminish, dock, downsize, epitomize, freeze (производство или продажу), lop, pare, pare away, pare down, pare off, pot (текст), prune (расходы и т. п.), pull in (расходы), razee, reduce, retrench (расходы), scale down (программы), shorten, shrink, skeletonize, taper off, truncate, truncate (речь, статью и т.п.), debulk, give the ax, give the axe, pare down, cut down (расходы), draw in (расходы), cut back on sth. (расходы, потребление и т.п.), shortcut

2) Medicine: retract

3) Colloquial: slash

4) Slang: ax (штаты)

5) Sports: close down (дистанцию)

6) Military: scale down (размер)

7) Bookish: epitomize (произведение)

8) Jocular: amputate

9) Chemistry: run down

10) Mathematics: cancel out

11) Railway term: simplify

12) Law: accelerate, rebate

13) Economy: draw, minimize, scale down (налоги)

14) Accounting: reduce (напр. расходы), trim (напр. программу производства)

15) Architecture: shorten (-ся)

16) Mining: cut down (пробу)

17) Diplomatic term: contract (ся), cut down (напр., расходы), draw (расходы), pare (тж. pardon down, pardon away, pardon off)

18) Politics: (ся) diminish

19) Psychology: cut back (количество, объем)

20) Electronics: compress

21) Jargon: axe (бюджет, ассигнования, штаты и т.п.)

22) Information technology: collapse

23) Oil: decreased, decreasing

24) Business: effect cutbacks

25) Chemical weapons: curtail (fin.)

26) Psychoanalysis: cut back (количество, объём)

27) Makarov: abbreviate (напр. слово, текст), blue-pencil (текст), boil, cancel (напр. дроби), cancel (напр., дроби), dwindle, eliminate, pass off, restrict, thin (в числе), to de-escalate, chip away, cut back, divide out, draw in, draw in (расходы и т. п.), cut down (расходы статью и т. п.), cut down (снижать), cut down (урезывать)

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > сокращать
15 kwamba

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[Swahili Word] kwamba

[English Word] that

[Part of Speech] conjunction

[Swahili Example] hakikisha kwamba mkato unakuwa karibu sana iwezekanavyo na shina kwenye mhimili wa tawi [ http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/howtos/ht_pruneswahili/4mikato.htm Jinsi ya Kupogoa Miti, US Dept. of Agriculture]

[English Example] be sure that the cutting gets as close as possible to the origin of the branch axil [How to Prune Trees, US Dept. of Agriculture]

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[Swahili Word] kwamba

[English Word] in order that

[Part of Speech] conjunction

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[Swahili Word] kwamba

[English Word] in order to

[Part of Speech] conjunction

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[Swahili Word] kama kwamba

[English Word] as if

[Part of Speech] conjunction

[Swahili Example] alisema kama kwamba ana hakika

[English Example] he talked as if he were sure

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[Swahili Word] kwamba... kwamba

[English Word] whether... or

[Part of Speech] conjunction

[Swahili Example] kwamba ni vizuri au kwamba in vibaya

[English Example] whether it is good or bad

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Swahili-english dictionary > kwamba
16 mhimili

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[Swahili Word] mhimili

[Swahili Plural] wahimili

[English Word] patient person

[English Plural] patient people

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 1/2

[Derived Word] hamali N

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[Swahili Word] mhimili

[Swahili Plural] wahimili

[English Word] forbearing person

[English Plural] forbearing people

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 1/2

[Derived Word] hamali N

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[Swahili Word] mhimili

[Swahili Plural] wahimili

[English Word] long-suffering person

[English Plural] long-suffering people

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 1/2

[Derived Word] hamali N

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[Swahili Word] mhimili

[Swahili Plural] mihimili

[English Word] support

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4

[Derived Word] himili V

[Swahili Example] mhimili wa dunia

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[Swahili Word] mhimili

[Swahili Plural] mihimili

[English Word] post

[English Plural] posts

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4

[Derived Word] himili V

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[Swahili Word] mhimili

[Swahili Plural] mihimili

[English Word] prop

[English Plural] props

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4

[Derived Word] himili V

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[Swahili Word] mhimili

[Swahili Plural] mihimili

[English Word] pillar

[English Plural] pillars

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4

[Derived Word] himili V

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[Swahili Word] mhimili

[Swahili Plural] mihimili

[English Word] beam

[English Plural] beams

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4

[Derived Word] himili V

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[Swahili Word] mhimili

[Swahili Plural] mihimili

[English Word] girder

[English Plural] girders

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4

[Derived Word] himili V

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[Swahili Word] mhimili

[Swahili Plural] mihimili

[English Word] axis

[English Plural] axes

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4

[Derived Word] himili V

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[Swahili Word] mhimili wa tawi

[Swahili Plural] mihimili ya matawi

[English Word] branch axil

[English Plural] branch axils

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4

[Related Words] tawi

[Swahili Example] hakikisha kwamba mkato unakuwa karibu sana iwezekanavyo na shina kwenye mhimili wa tawi [ http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/howtos/ht_pruneswahili/4mikato.htm Jinsi ya Kupogoa Miti, US Dept. of Agriculture]

[English Example] be sure that the cutting gets as close as possible to the origin of the branch axil [How to Prune Trees, US Dept. of Agriculture]

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Swahili-english dictionary > mhimili
17 compescō

compescō pescuī, —, ere [PARC-], to confine, hold in check, repress, curb, restrain: equum freno, Tb.: ramos fluentes, i. e. to prune, V.: bracchia, O.: mare, H.—Fig., to suppress, repress, restrain, check, subdue: sitim undā, O.: clamorem, H.: risum, H.: animum frenis, H.: vim suam ardoremque, Ta.: mores dissolutos vi, Ph.: culpam ferro, i. e. by killing diseased members of the flock, V.
* * *

compescere, compescui, - V TRANS

restrain, check; quench; curb, confine, imprison; hold in check; block, close

Latin-English dictionary > compescō
18 putō

putō āvī (putāstī, T.; putārem putāsset, C.), ātus, āre [putus], to clean, cleanse, trim, prune: vitem, V.—Fig., to clear up, arrange, settle, adjust: rationes cum publicanis, close accounts.—To reckon, value, estimate, esteem, deem, hold, consider, regard: denariis quadringentis Cupidinem illum: consulem nihili: quaecumque sunt, deorum atque hominum putanda sunt: tantique putat conubia nostra, O.: ne quid pro concesso putetur: quos pro nihilo putavit: id nil puto, T.: hominem prae se neminem: turpem putat lituram, H.: ultra Quam licet sperare nefas putando, H.— To judge, suppose, account, consider, suspect, believe, think, imagine: bene, T.: largitus est Roscio? sic puto: tu puto haec credis, I suppose: Rem ipsam putasti, that is just the point, T.: tantum esse in homine sceleris: etiam iniquo loco dimicandum, Cs.: patronos huic defuturos: noli putare, me maluisse, etc.: ut id emi, non auferri putetur: Stare putes, adeo procedunt tempora tarde, O.: acies nostra videre putat (sc. se), O.— To ponder, consider, reflect upon, weigh: haec, T.: in quo primum illud debes putare: Multa putans, V.— To believe in, recognize: deos: dum in Elephantis auxilium putant, i. e. believe themselves protected by, S.: maxumam gloriam in maxumo imperio, i. e. find, S.
* * *

putare, putavi, putatus V TRANS

think, believe, suppose, hold; reckon, estimate, value; clear up, settle

Latin-English dictionary > putō
19 adtondeo

adtondere, adtondi, adtonsus V TRANS

clip (hair close), shear; strip of money, fleece; thrash; prune, trim, crop

Latin-English dictionary > adtondeo
20 attondeo

attondere, attondi, attonsus V TRANS

clip (hair close), shear; strip of money, fleece; thrash; prune, trim, crop

Latin-English dictionary > attondeo

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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to prune close

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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to prune close

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